Diet and renal disease

diet and renal disease

1. Diet and Renal Disease

2. Objectives - Discuss common causes of renal disease. - Explain why protein is restricted for renal clients. - Explain why sodium and water are sometimes restricted for renal clients. - Explain why potassium and phosphorus are sometimes restricted for renal clients.

3. Kidney Functions Excretory: Kidneys excrete wastes such as urea (major end-product of protein metabolism) in form of of urine Regulatory : regulation of acid-base balance, regulation of electrolytes, control of water balance, control of blood pressure

4. Secretory : - Erythropoetin : regulation of red blood cell production: - Synthesis of Vit D to active form - Secretion of prostaglandins - Regulates calcium and phosphorus balance - Activates growth hormone

5. Example of renal disease - Acute Renal Failure (ARF) - Chronic Renal Failure (CRF) - Nephritis - Nephrosclerosis - Renal Stones

6. Acute Failure - Acute failure occurs suddenly and may last a few days to a few weeks. - Can be caused by: - Serious burn - Infectious diseases - Toxic agents - Immunologic drug reactions - Cardiac arrest.

7. Chronic Kidney Disease - Develops slowly Causes: - Diabetes , Hypertension , Glomerulonephritis , Cystic kidney disease - Symptoms: - Nausea , Edema , Hematuria , Anorexia , Fatigue

8. Nephritis - Inflammatory diseases of the kidneys - Caused by infection, degenerative processes, or vascular disease

9. Nephrosclerosis - Hardening of renal arteries - Caused by arteriosclerosis and hypertension - Usually occurs in older people; sometimes develops in young clients with diabetes.

10. Kidney Stones - Stones classified according to their composition. - Associated with metabolic disturbances and immobilization of the client.

11. Dietary Treatment of Renal Disease - Extremely complicated - Its aims to slow the buildup of waste in the blood and to reduce work of the kidney

12. - Sodium r estriction - Potassium may be restricted according to lab test - Energy requirements should be fulfilled by carbohydrates and fat . - Fluids are typically restricted for renal clients.

13. - Supplemental calcium and vit D is given - Vitamins B, C, and D supplements are often given because the renal clients have an increased need - Iron is commonly prescribed to treat or prevent anemia .

14. Diet during Dialysis There are two type of dialysis: Hemodialysis and Peritoneal Dialysis - Clients on dialysis may need additional protein . - Potassium is usually restricted.

15. Diet after Kidney Transplant - Need for extra protein or for the restriction of protein. - S odium may be restricted. - Additional calcium and phosphorus may be necessary if there was substantial bone loss before the transplant.

16. Dietary Treatment of Renal Stones - Treatment varies based on type of stone. - Clients should drink lots of fluid. - Eat a well-balanced diet. - Once stones have been analyzed, specific diet modifications may be indicated.

17. If the stones made from calcium oxalate : - A diet low in calcium can reduce the risk of calcium oxalate renal stones. - Reduce level of oxalate, which is found in beets, wheat, chocolate, tea, strawberries, and spinach.

18. If the stones made from uric acid: uric acid stone - Purine -rich foods are restricted. - Found in meats, fish, poultry, organ meats and sardines - Usually associated with gout, gastrointestinal diseases that cause diarrhea, and malignant disease

19. Conclusion - Kidneys eliminate body wastes, maintain fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance, and secrete hormones. - The entire body is affected by kidney disease.

20. - Diet therapy is extremely complex. - Untreated, severe kidney disease can result in death unless the client receives dialysis or a kidney transplant.

21. A client with renal disease is on a potassium restriction. What recommendations would you give the client?

22. - Regulate intake by making careful choices. - Milk is normally restricted to because it is high in potassium. - Suggest use of potassium content charts to select low-potassium foods.

23. Thank