Diet faddism

1. Diet Faddism Abhishek Achar , OMS III

2. What is a Fad Diet? Characteristics Short Term Weight Loss No Long Term Goals Temporary Popularity Shortcomings Closed to revision Case Observations held as evidence Scientifically unsound and dangerous Manna Health Products Made popular by Celebrity 24hr News Networks Individual Medical Endorsement Confusion Aggressive Marketing

3. Categories Food Group Exaggeration/Restriction Some suggested as treatment for disease conditions. Food Elimination Elimination of foods seen as harmful or beneficial in low quantities. Food Lifestyle Emphasis on foods that promote a particular lifestyle. Supplementation A pill is an easy fix .

4. Categories Food Group Exaggeration/Restriction Some suggested as treatment for disease conditions. Fruitarianism Blood Type Diet Gluten-Free Atkins Supplementation A pill is an easy fix. Hydroxycut Metabolife Food Lifestyle Emphasis on foods that promote a particular lifestyle. Low Carbohydrate Paleolithic South Beach Diet Fit for Life Food Elimination Elimination of foods seen as harmful or beneficial in low quantities. Liquid (Slim-Fast, Lemon Detox) Atkins Israeli Army Diet 5:2 Diet

5. Categories Food Group Exaggeration/Restriction Some suggested as treatment for disease conditions. Fruitarianism Blood Type Diet Gluten-Free

6. Food Group Exaggeration/Restriction Capitalizes on Individualism Disease benefit Religious beliefs Severely affects critical Nutrients Zinc, Iron, Calcium, etc. Vitamins B12/ Folate , D, C, etc Amino acids Multiple medical risks Protein-Energy Malnutrition Anemia Growth and developmental issues Social disruptions/ Isolations Food Obsessions Death

7. Food Group Exaggeration/Restriction Fruitarianism Genesis 1:29 (NIV) T hen God said, “I give you every seed-bearing plant on the face of the whole earth and every tree that has fruit with seed in it. They will be yours for food .” A subset of veganism Fruits , vegetables, nuts, and seeds Restricts animal products or grains. Steve Jobs, Noted Fruitarian Named company Apple while on the diet. Delayed medical care for Pancreatic Cancer due to belief in herbal alternatives. Aston Kutcher hospitalized attributed to diet while preparing for Jobs. http://www.dailymail.co.uk

8. Categories Food Elimination Elimination of foods seen as harmful or beneficial in low quantities. Liquid ( Slim-Fast, Lemon Detox) Atkins HCG Diet Israeli Army Diet 5:2 Diet

9. Food Elimination Short term Severe caloric restrictions Sudden/Immediate weight loss Participants will gain back weight when diet is stopped.

10. Food Elimination 5:2 Diet The Diet Severe calorie restriction for 2 non-consecutive days Men: <600 kcal Women: <500 kcal Normal eating on other 5 days. In some studies, calorie restriction showed improvement in the longevity of rodents and non-human primates The impact on humans is unknown. http://www.amazon.com

11. Categories Supplementation A pill is an easy fix. Hydroxycut Metabolife

12. Supplementation Targets those pushing physical limits Regularly involved in False advertising Political Lobbying Linked to Psychosis MI, CVA DKA Ephedra banned in 2004 Common additive Linked to 155 deaths Showcase of poor regulation of dietary supplements in the US http://www.wikipedia.com

13. Categories Food Lifestyle Emphasis on foods that promote a particular lifestyle. Low Carbohydrate Paleolithic South Beach Diet Fit for Life

14. Food Lifestyle Loosely considered “Fad Diet” Popularity is cyclic, unlike most Fad Diets Emphasizes dietary regiments along side lifestyle changes Low-Carb Low-Fat Naturally occurring foods More effective for short-term weight loss Not for Health Maintenance

15. Food Lifestyle Low Carbohydrate Diets Decreased intake of simple carbohydrates Very Low Carb: 0-60g Low Carb: <60-130g Targeted metabolic Ketosis for rapid Glycogen breakdown Fluid Loss Fatty Acid breakdown Ketogenic diet Used for refractory, non-surgical epilepsy Efficacy in children with specific epileptic conditions 60% showed >50% seizure reduction 30% showed >90% seizure reduction Extreme caution in Diabetic Patients Absolute contraindications Carnitine Deficiency, Porphyria, Fatty Acid Oxidation Defects, Pyruvate Carboxylase Deficiency . http://www.personaltrainerdublindbomb.wordpress.com

16. Losing Weight the Healthy Way Eat Less! Consume no more than 22 kcal/kg of body weight. Make sure to eat a balanced diet. Guide provided by FDA. Exercise more! Recommendations range around at least 150 minutes of moderate intensity aerobic activity 75 minutes of vigorous intensity activity per week Both increase Intensity and Frequency reduce CV risk Make sure to consult a doctor before starting a regiment. Be Happy! Seriously. I’m not kidding… http://www.cnpp.usda.gov

17. Information for patients Always do your research when considering a new diet . Evidence and research is typically limited when it comes to the effectiveness and safety of diets. If you are considering a new diet or exercise regiment, consult your doctor first. Not everyone can safely participate in any one particular diet. All of the diets discussed are controversial. Health Maintenance and Long Term Wellbeing are better achieved with lifestyle changes to diet and exercise and realistic goal modifications.

18. References "Steve Jobs" by Walter Isaacson. The Guardian http :// www.theguardian.com/film/2013/jan/28/ashton-kutcher-hospital-steve-jobs-diet CBS News   http :// www.cbsnews.com/2102-500165_162-4036502.html Ano Lobb (2009-04-14).  " Hepatoxicity associated with weight-loss supplements: A case for better post-marketing surveillance" .  World J Gastroenterol   15  (14): 1786–7.    Death at the ballpark: a comprehensive study of game-related fatalities of ...  By Robert M. Gorman, David Weeks. McFarland Press.  FDA .gov UpToDate Medscape