Difference between PROKARYOTIC and EUKARYOTIC CELLS.pptx

Here in this discuss difference between and similarity between PROKARYOTIC and EUKARYOTIC CELLS and also discuss about structural differences

1. EUKARYOTIC CELL VS PROKARYOTIC CELL PRESENTED BY ZARNAB SALEEM ROLL NO 23814111-001 PRESENTED TO MA’AM ZUNAIRA

2. The term “ prokaryote ” is derived from the Greek word “pro“, (meaning: before) and “karyon” (meaning: kernel). It translates to “before nuclei.“ Definition: Prokaryotic cells are unicellular organisms that lack a membrane-bound nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. Examples: Bacteria and Archaea. Introduction Of Cells The term “Eukaryotes” is derived from the Greek word “ eu ” , (meaning: good) and “karyon” (meaning: kernel), therefore, translating to “good or true nuclei.” Definition: Eukaryotic cells are cells that possess a true nucleus along with membrane-bound organelles. Eukaryotes can either be unicellular or multicellular. Example organisms: Animals, plants, fungi, and protists.

3. Plant or Animal Cell? A cell is approximately 80 micrometres in size and has a rectangular shape.

4. Eukaryotic cells have a true nucleus surrounded by a nuclear membrane. Prokaryotic cells lack a membrane-bound nucleus and have free-floating genetic material in the cytoplasm. Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles like mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, etc. Prokaryotic cells lack these membrane-bound organelles. Eukaryotic cells have linear chromosomes. Prokaryotic cells have circular chromosomes. Most eukaryotes are multicellular. Prokaryotes are unicellular (with some exceptions like cyanobacteria). Eukaryotic cells undergo mitosis and meiosis during cell division. Prokaryotic cells divide by binary fission. Eukaryotic cells have histones to package DNA Prokaryotes use other proteins. Main difference B/W Cells

5. Structural Differences Prokaryotic cells lack a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts. Their DNA is a single circular molecule located in the cytoplasm in an area called the nucleoid. Prokaryotes are typically smaller, ranging from 0.2-2.0 in diameter. Eukaryotic cells have a true nucleus that encloses the DNA. They also contain membrane-bound organelles like mitochondria, chloroplasts in plants, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and lysosomes. Eukaryotic cells are larger, measuring 5-100 .

6. Plant or Animal Cell? Similarities B/W Cells Cell membrane : Both contain a lipid bilayer that acts as a barrier to the external environment. Genetic material: The genetic material in both is DNA, which contains the instructions for life. Ribosomes: Both have ribosomes, which are responsible for protein synthesis, although they differ in size and shape between prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Cytoplasm: Both contain cytoplasm, the gel-like substance within the cell membrane where chemical reactions take place. Cellular biochemical reactions: Prokaryotes and eukaryotes carry out the same major metabolic reactions as photosynthesis and cellular respiration. Cell division: Both undergo cell division to reproduce, although the mechanisms differ (binary fission in prokaryotic

7. Question time!

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