Difference between rural and urban society

rural and urban society

1. Assignment on community for SEMESTER-1 [2019] SUBJECT- SOCIOLOGY CODE-SOC1701 SUBMITTED BY: TANYA ANJALI SHAGUN HIMANSHU

2. INDEX AIM AND OBJECTIVE INTRODUCTION MEANING AND DEFINITION OF COMMUNITY HISTORY OF COMMUNITY ORGANISATION CHARACTERISTICS OF COMMUNITY DIFFERENCE BETWEEN RURAL AND URBAN SOCIETY IMPORTANCE OF SOCIOLOGY IN COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT

3. AIM AND OBJECTIVE This unit would enable the students to understand the concept of the term community and the various types of communities. It would also highlight the emergence community work as concept by listing the history of community work. By this the students will understand the evolution of the community organization as a method of community development.

4. I ntroduction Community living has been the culture of human being and hence, it has led and faced numerous problems due to various social changes. Community work as a method, process and intervention, it has gained the attention of professionals who work for the development of communities at different levels. Government and corporate has taken this concept for implementing their projects a nd ensure sustainable development. This unit highlights the concept and history of community work

5. MEANING AND DEFINITION OF COMMUNITY The word ‘community’ is derived from the Old French ‘ comunete’, that means the things held in common and in more clear term it is called as fellowship or organized society. It also indicates a large group living in close proximity. The term ‘Community’ refers to an aggregation of individuals and families living together and shares common values in a particular geographical area, share government and often have a common cultural and historical heritage. Intent, belief, preferences, resources, needs and risks are the conditions that affect the identity of the community and the degree of cohesiveness. Definition : Meaning : Community is a concept to describe a social organization that is considered fundamental to traditional to a society, which is often regarded as natural grouping based on ties of shared blood, language, history, territory and culture

6. HISTORY OF RURAL SOCIETY Domestication of animals and agriculture Began around 20,000 BC Early human settlement emerged

7. HISTORY OF URBAN SOCIETY Technology developments Industrial revolution Increased trading interaction Demographic expansion Betterment of health care systems

8. CHARACTERISTICS OF COMMUNITY (1) A group of people: A group of people is the most fundamental or essential characteristic or element of community. This group may be small or large but community always refers to a group of people. Because without a group of people we can’t think of a community, when a group of people live together and share a common life and binded by a strong sense of community consciousness at that moment a community is formed. Hence a group of people is the first pre-requisites of community (2 ) A definite locality : It is the next important characteristic of a community. Because community is a territorial group. A group of people alone can’t form a community. A group of people forms a community only when they reside in a definite territory . The territory need not be fixed forever. A group of people like nomadic people may change their habitations. But majority community are settled and a strong bond of unity and solidarity is derived from their living in a definite locality. (3 ) Community Sentiment: It is another important characteristic or element of community. Because without community sentiment a community can’t be formed only with a group of people and a definite locality. Community sentiment refers to a strong sense of awe feeling among the members or a feeling of belonging together. It refers to a sentiment of common living that exists among the members of a locality. Because of common living within an area for a long time a sentiment of common living is created among the members of that area. With this the members emotionally identify themselves

9. 4)   Naturality: Communities are naturally organised . It is neither a product of human will nor created by an act of government. It grows spontaneously. Individuals became the member by birth 5 )  Permanence: Community is always a permanent group. It refers to a permanent living of individuals within a definite territory. It is not temporary like that of a crowd or association. ( 6) Similarity : The members of a community are similar in a number of ways. As they live within a definite locality they lead a common life and share some common ends. Among the members similarity in language, culture, customs, and traditions and in many other things is observed. Similarities in these respects are responsible for the development of community sentiment.

10. Difference Between Rural And Urban Society

11. ENVIRONMENT Rural Society Close contact with nature More influenced by natural Phenomena e.g. rain, heat and drought etc. Urban society Isolated from nature Human controls over environment 3. More populated environment

12. POPULATION Rural Society Small community size 150-200 household per community Population in thousands 4. Low density of population Urban society Very large community Thousands of households Population in millions High population density

13. OCCUPATIONS Rural society 1. Agriculture is the primary occupation 2 . Labor intensive manual work more prevalent Urban society Wide range of occupation choice Service industry and technology assistance

14. HEALTH HAZARDS Rural society Only the sturdiest survive the subsequent onslaughts of unsafe and unhygienic birth practices, unclean water, poor nutrition, sub-human habitats and degraded and unsanitary environments. With little or no access to health care, the grim battle continues into adulthood, until precarious survival once again spawns a fresh cycle of birth and struggle. Urban society The urban environment involves health hazards with an inequitable distribution of exposures and vulnerabilities, but it also involves opportunities for implementing interventions for health equity. The high population density in many poor urban areas means that interventions at a small scale level can assist many people, and existing infrastructure can sometimes be upgraded to meet health demands.

15. Education system Rural society Poverty is one of the main reason that affects educational outcomes 2. Many prefers to work on their homeland Leads to early dropout 3. Lack of teachers is also another huge obstacle On the way to education Urban society Many students that attend school And college comes from good Socio-economic background Institutes are larger in size so Experience staff shortage 3. Quality of education is better in Urban areas

16. Social stratification RURAL SOCIETY THE SIGNIFICANT ELEMENT OF OF STATIFICATION ARE AREA , CASTE, AND PROFESSION URBAN SOCIETY THE ECONOMIC RESOURCE AND EDUCATION STANDARD ARE ITS ELEMENTS

17. Social differentiation Rural Society The social life in rural areas is simple and based on similar conditions Urban society 1. In urban areas, the people of diverse nature live together. The people of different races, sects, castes, professions, classes and political parties live together

18. Social mobility Rural society 1. Among the rural people, the social changes are seldom found. Mostly the people are satisfied with their social conditions. Very rarely they change their place of residence and profession Urban society 1.   The urban life is ever changing due to expansion of education, technology and industry. The people change their professions; residences and classes for adjustment with the new social conditions

19. Social interaction Rural life 1. In rural areas, the social interaction is informal, slow and under necessary conditions Urban life 2. In urban lifestyle, it is formal, reciprocal and fast.

20. Importance of sociology in community development A sociologist has knowledge, methods, tools and techniques to create a thorough analysis of the community. This knowledge allows one to create a strong plan of development according to the needs of the community. This is important because each community has its own unique signature, which are its cultures, traditions, rituals, ideals, norms, values and institutions. These markers develop through the social structure, individual and communal psychology, resource availability, geography and means of production. Thus sociology is important in community development as it allows an individual to create a all round development model which is suitable for the community.