Different Styles of referencing Conventions

No any Description

1. By:
Dr. AbhayVikramSingh
Assistant Professor
Dept. of Gandhianand Peace Studies
Mahatma Gandhi Central University
Motihari(Bihar)

2. Objectives.
What is referencing.
What are the purposes of
referencing.
Types of references.
Reference elements.
Different styles of referencing.
Conclusion.

3. Tostudydifferentstylesofreferencingusedover
theworld.
Togettheappropriateformatofreference.
Toknowthedifferencebetweendifferentstyles
used.
Tosupportallsignificantstatements.
Tovalidatearguments.

4. Referencingisalsocalledascitation.
Referencinghasbecomeanintegralpartofallsortsof
academicwriting,themajorpurposesofwhichareto
discourageplagiarismandgivecredittothescholars,
researchersetc.fortheireffortsinthegrowthof
knowledge.
Whenyouarewritingapieceofworkandusesomeone
else’swordsorideasyoumustreferencethem.This
meansthatyouneedtoincludedetailedinformationon
allsourcesconsulted,bothwithinyourtext(in-text
citations)andattheendofyourwork(bibliography)
Itisaactofreferring.

5. Referencinghasbecomeanecessaryelementof
academicwriting.
Helpsthereadertofindtheoriginalsource.
Givescredittootherpeople’swork.
Anotherpurposeofitistofightwithplagiarism.
Requiredtosupportallsignificantstatements.
Addauthenticitytoyourargument.

6. Journal Reference
Book Reference
Internet /Web Reference

7. Author’s Name
Article Title
Journal Name
Year
Volume
Page Numbers

8. Therearevariousstandardmethodsusedfor
citingthesourceofwork.
Thesemethodsarecalledasreferencingstylesor
citationstyles.
Somecommonandwidelyusedreferencestyles
are:
APA(AmericanPsychologicalAssociation)ReferencingStyle
MLA(ModernLanguageAssociation)ReferencingStyle
Harvardstyleofcitation
Vancouverstyleofcitation
Chicago/TurabianReferencingStyleetc.

9. Variousreferencingstylesdifferintermsof
formatting,useofpunctuationandtheorderof
information.
Suchdifferencesoccuratboththelevelsof
referencingi.e.in-textcitationandreference
list.
Moreover,thepublishersortheacademic
institutionsdecidetheircitingstyles.
Thesystemusedbyvarioustypesofreferencing
stylescanbroadlybecategorizedintotwotypes:
Documentary–notesystemand
Parentheticalsystem.

10. Author’s name followed by its initials.
Publication year.
Title of article followed by full stop.
Journal name in Italic form.
Volume followed by a comma.
Page number.

11. Author’s Name.
Title of Article.
Name of Journal.
Volume number followed by decimal and
issue no.
Year of Publication.
Page Numbers.
Medium of Publication.

12. Author’s name followed by its initials.
Publication year.
Titleofarticlewithsinglequotationmark
followedbyfullstop.
Journal name in Italic form.
Volume followed by a comma.
Issue number in bracket.
Page number.

13. Author’s surname followed by its initials.
Title of article followed by double quotation.
Journal name (abbreviated).
Date of publication followed by double
quotation.
Volume number.
Issue number in bracket.
Page number.

14. Name of author.
Article title in double quotation.
Journal’s title in Italic form.
Volume number.
Year of publication.
Page number.

15. Weconcludethattherearemanystandardstyle
usedforreferencing,wecanuseanyoneofthem.
Itgivesusastandardformatofpresentingor
reference.
Supports or significant statement.
Helps us to know the original source of work.
Plagiarism can be avoided.