Different Types of Battery and its description

This PPT contains information about Different ypes of Batteries

1. Battery Types 1

2. Topics 2

3. Lead Acid Battery Invented by the French physician  Gaston Plante   in 1859. It was First Rechargeable battery for commercial use. It was used today also , Inexpensive on a cost/watt. Due to cost-effective, they are used in automobiles, golf cars, forklifts, marine, UPS, etc. Gaston Plante 3

4. Pure Lead is too soft & to get mechanical strength & improve it’s electrical properties by adding Antimony, Calcium, Tin, Selenium. It is heavy Full discharge causes strain & each discharge/charge cycle robs the battery. Depending on depth of discharge, lead acid for deep-cycle applications provides 200-300 cycles. 4

5. Lead acid has a moderate life span. According to RWTH, Aachen, Germany (2018), the cost of the flooded lead acid is about $150 per kWh Full charge takes 14-16 hrs. Charging a lead acid battery is simple, but the correct voltage limits must be observed. 5

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7. Sealed Lead Acid The First Sealed Lead Acid emerged in mid-1970s. Engineers argued that the term sealed lead acid was improper because no LA battery can be totally sealed. To control venting, valve was added. They are packed in plastic container. Used in UPS, Emergency light, wheelchair 7

8. Lead acid batteries are commonly classified into three usages 8

9. Starter Batteries As the name suggests, starter batteries are only used to start up machines. The most common application of a  starter battery  is  starting an engine . The starter battery is characterized by having a  greater starting power  compared to other batteries. It deliver high current but it cannot be deep-cycled. Low internal resistance because of thin plates, adding extra plates & lead in sponge-like form. 9

10. Starter Battery Capacity Ratings Ah (Ampere hour) or RS (Reserve Capacity) to indicate energy storage capability SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers) J537 specifies 30 sec of discharge at -18deg C at rated CCA without voltage drop below 7.2V CCA (Cold Cranking amps) to signify the current a battery can deliver at cold temp. RC reflects the runtime in minutes at a steady discharge of 25. 10

11. Deep-cycle Battery It is built to provide continuous power like in wheelchair, golf cars, forklifts & more. It is built for max. capacity & high cycle count. Plates are thick to improve cycling ability. Capacity is typically rated as 5hr & 20hr discharge. A Starter battery cannot be swapped with a deep-cycle battery or vice-versa. But the combination are done in trucks, buses, military vehicles , etc 11

12. Cycle performance of starter and deep-cycle batteries Depth of Discharge Starter Battery Deep-Cycle Battery 100% 12–15 cycles 150–200 cycles 50% 100–120 cycles 400–500 cycles 30% 130–150 cycles 1,000 and more cycles 12

13. Comparison of lead acid and Li-ion as starter battery 13

14. Advantages and limitations of lead acid batteries Inexpensive and simple to manufacture; low cost per watt-hour Low self-discharge; lowest among rechargeable batteries High specific power, capable of high discharge currents Good low and high temperature performance Advantages Disadvantages Low specific energy; poor weight-to-energy ratio Slow charge; fully saturated charge takes 14-16 hours Must be stored in charged condition to prevent sulfation Limited cycle life; repeated deep-cycling reduces battery life Flooded version requires watering Transportation restrictions on the flooded type Not environmentally friendly 14

15. Types of Sealed lead acid battery There are several types of sealed acid have emerged , most common are : Gel Lead Acid Battery Absorbent Glass Mat (AGM ) 15

16. Absorbent Glass Mat (AGM) AGM technology became popular in the early 1980s as a sealed lead acid battery for military aircraft, vehicles and UPS to reduce weight & improve reliability. The sulfuric acid is absorbed by a very fine fiberglass mat, making the battery spill-proof. This enables shipment without hazardous material restrictions. It has very low internal resistance. Commonly used in high-end vehicles to run power-hungry accessories such as heated seats, steering wheels, A.C. and windshields. 16

17. Advantages and Disadvantages of AGM Spill-proof through acid encapsulation in matting technology High specific power, low internal resistance, responsive to load Up to 5 times faster charge than with flooded technology Water retention (oxygen and hydrogen combine to produce water) Vibration resistance due to sandwich construction Stands up well to cold temperature Advantages Disadvantages Higher manufacturing cost than flooded Sensitive to overcharging (AGM has tighter tolerances than gel) Capacity has gradual decline (gel has a performance dome) Low specific energy Must be stored in charged condition (less critical than flooded) 17

18. Gel Lead Acid Battery The early gelled lead acid battery developed in 1950s. Mixing sulfuric acid with a silica-gelling agent convert liquid electrolyte into semi-stiff paste. The cycle count on gel is said to be larger than AGM and the secret lies in holding more acid due to its design.  Gel is cheaper than flooded  18

19. Advantages and Disadvantages of Gel Battery Maintenance free; can be mounted sideways; low self-discharge Long lasting due to its ability to transfer heat to the outside Performance stays high until the end of life, then drops rapidly Produces water by combining oxygen and hydrogen Safe operation and forgiving if abused; less dry-out than AGM High cycle count, tolerance to abuse and heat Large variety of battery sizes available Advantages Disadvantages Higher manufacturing cost than AGM Sensitive to overcharging (gel is more tolerant than AGM) Moderate specific energy and load current Subject to release gases. Ventilation needed Must be stored in charged condition (less critical than flooded) 19

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