Different types of biofertilizers....pptx

Different types of biofertilizers......

1. Department Of Plant Pathology College Of Agriculture, Junagadh JUNAGADH AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY NAME ENROLLMENT NO. ROLL NO. DALSANIYA KARAN C. 3010120034 61 KHUNT OM A. 3010120079 70 PRESENTED BY

2. Mechanisms of Action Of Pseudomonas Fluorescens Under Normal Light Under UV Light

3. Pseudomonas Fluorescens Pseudomonas fluorescens is a common Gram- negative, rod-shaped bacterium. It belongs to the Pseudomonas genus. P. fluorescens has multiple flagella . It has an extremely versatile metabolism, and can be found in the soil and in water. It is an obligate aerobe, but certain strains are capable of using nitrate instead of oxygen as a final electron acceptor during cellular respiration.

4. Pseudomonas Fluorescens Pseudomonas fluorescens belong to Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR), the important group of bacteria that play a major role in the plant growth promotion, induced systemic resistance, biological control of plant pathogens etc.

5. P. fluorescens as biocontrol agent Produce a wide spectrum of bioactive metabolites. Compete aggressively with other microorganisms. Adapt to environmental stresses. Inexpensive

6. Examples of Biological Control Pseudomonads Pseudomonas aureofaciens 30-84 Take-all of wheat Pseudomonas fluorescens Tx-1 Dollar spot of turf Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf-5 Damping off of bean Drechslera leaf spot Pseudomonas fluorescens F113 Damping off of bean Pseudomonas aureofaciens AB254 Damping off of bean Pseudomonas fluorescens WCS365 Rhizoctonia solani Pseudomonas fluorescens A506 Fireblight of pear Pseudomonas putida Phytophthora root rot of citrus Pseudomonas syringae pv . tagetis Canadian thistle

7. Mode of Action Mycoparasitism Antibiosis Competition Siderophores Production Induced Systemic Resistance Hydrogen Cyanide Production Plant Growth Promotion Antibiotic Production

8. Mycoparasitism Mycoparasitism is the most important form of antagonism involving direct physical contact with the host mycelium (Pal and Gardener, 2006). It involves tropical growth of biocontrol fungus mycelium towards the target pathogen followed by extensive coiling and secretion of various hydrolytic enzymes leading to dissolution of pathogen’s cell wall or membrane.

9. Mycoparasitic effect of Pseudomonas fluorescens on Bipolaris oryzae the incitant of Brown spot of rice

10. Antagonism The P. fluorescens is very effective antibiotic producer. Many secondary metabolites of P.fluorescens acts as antibiotics against plant pathogens. The P. fluorescens produces antifungal compounds which are fungistatic, inhibiting spore germination and lysis of fungal mycelia.

11. Antibiotics produced – Phenazine-1-Carboxylic Acid (PCA) 2,4-Diacetylphloroglucinol (DAPG) Pyocinine Pyrrolnitrin Pyoluteorin Oomycin -A

12. “Phenazine Phacts ” Broad spectrum Block respiration Pathogen inhibition Pseudomonas Aureofaciens Produces Phenazine Antibiotics

13. Competition The P. fluorescens pre-empt the establishment of other rhizosphere microorganisms through competition for favuored sites on the roots and in the rhizosphere. Control of Rhizoctonia solani on cotton by P. cepacia D1 Rhizoctonia solani Produces fluorescent siderophores Chelates Fe in Environment All Organisms Require Fe Fe Available At 10

14. P. cepacia D1 Control White Dot – Pathogen Red Dot – Psudomonas

15. Siderophore Siderophores are extra cellular, low-molecular weight compounds with very high affinity for ferric iron. As siderophore sequester the limited supply of iron in the rhizosphere, they limits it's availability to pathogens and ultimately suppress their growth. Siderophores Ferribactin Ferrichrome Ferroxamine B Pseudobactin Pyochelin Pyoverdine (soluble fluorescent pigment)

16. Induced systemic resistance The P. fluorescens induce systemic resistance in plants that is phenotypically similar to Systemic Acquired Resistance (SAR). Induction of resistance by P. fluorescens is mainly through the Production of phytoalexins Increased lignifications . Production of PR-protein in the induced plants.

17. Hydrogen cyanide production Hydrogen cyanide (HCN) is representative of class of volatile inhibitors. The P. fluorescens produces HCN which can check growth of phytopathogens. Plant Growth Promotion Antibiotic Production The P. fluorescens promotes plant growth by prodution of phytohormones such as Auxins and Gibberrelins and also by Phosphate solubilization.

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