Different Types of Cell Division and it's Importance.pptx

Cell Division from Human Anataomy & Physiology I (B.Pahrm 1st Semester)

1. PANDAVESWAR SCHOOL OF PHARMACY B Topic: Cell Division Subject: Human Anatomy & Physiology Name: Ayan Maji Roll No.: 38405923013 Reg No.: 233840210012 Session: 2023-24 B.Pharm (1 st Year)

2. Content Introduction Types of Cell Division Interphase Mitosis Cell Division Phases of Mitosis Importance of Cell Division Conclusion

3. Introduction Cell division is a fundamental process in biology where a single cell divides to produce two or more daughter cells. It plays a crucial role in growth, development, and maintenance of organisms. There are two main types of cell division: mitosis, which produces identical daughter cells for growth and repair, and meiosis, which produces gametes for sexual reproduction. The cell cycle, consisting of interphase and mitotic phase, regulates these processes, ensuring proper cell growth and division.

4. TYPES OF CELL DIVISION There are two main types of cell division: Mitosis: Mitosis is a type of cell division that occurs in somatic cells (non-reproductive cells) and results in the production of two genetically identical daughter cells. The process is essential for growth, repair, and asexual reproduction in organisms. Mitosis consists of several stages, including prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. Meiosis: Meiosis is a type of cell division that occurs in germ cells (reproductive cells) and leads to the formation of gametes (sperm and egg cells) in sexually reproducing organisms. Meiosis involves two rounds of cell division, resulting in the production of four daughter cells, each with half the number of chromosomes as the original parent cell. This reduction in chromosome number is crucial for sexual reproduction and genetic diversity.

5. INTERPHASE Before entering mitosis, a cell spends a period of its growth under interphase. It undergoes the following phases when in interphase:
G1 Phase: This is the period before the synthesis of DNA.
S Phase: This is the phase during which DNA synthesis takes place.
G2 Phase: This is the phase between the end of DNA synthesis and the beginning of the prophase.

6. MITOSIS CELL DIVISION Mitosis is the phase of the cell cycle where the nucleus of a cell is divided into two nuclei with an equal amount of genetic material in both the daughter nuclei. It succeeds the G2 phase and is succeeded by cytoplasmic division after the separation of the nucleus.
Mitosis is essential for the growth of the cells and the replacement of worn-out cells. Abnormalities during mitosis may alter the DNA, resulting in genetic disorders. Features of Mitosis: In each cycle of cell division, two daughter cells are formed from the parent cell.
The cell is also known as equational cell division because the chromosome number in the parent cell and daughter cell is the same.
In plants, mitosis leads to the growth of vegetative parts of the plant like root tip, stem tip, etc.
Segregation and combination do not occur in this process.

7. PHASES OF MITOSIS Prophase: Chromosomes condense, and the nuclear membrane breaks down. Metaphase: Chromosomes align at the cell’s equator. Anaphase: Sister chromatids separate and move towards opposite poles. Telophase: Chromosomes decondense, and nuclear membranes form around each set of chromosomes. Cytokinesis: The cell physically divides, forming two separate daughter cells.

8. CONCLUSION Cell division unveils the wonders of life, from the precision of mitosis to the diversity of meiosis. Appreciating the regulatory mechanisms and exploring emerging trends in research are key to unraveling the mysteries of this fundamental biological process.

9. REFERENCE Ross & Wilson Anatomy and Physiology in Health and Illness (14 th Edition ) (Page No.- 128,156) “Cell Biology & Genetics” by P.K Gupta (Page No.- 78,96)