Different Types of Soil (Grade 4-Sceince)

Different Types of Soil

1. 4 th Quarter- Lesson 1 Different Types of Earth’s Soil

2. OBJECTIVES At the end of the lesson, you should be able to: Explain how soil is formed and identify its composition; Compare and contrast the characteristics of the different types of soil; and Identify the causes and effects of soil pollution.

3. SOIL FORMATION 01

4. SOIL FORMATION Soil formation is a complex process influenced by five major factors: parent material , climate , living organisms , topography , and time . These factors interact in various ways to transform rock and organic matter into soil, a process that can take hundreds to thousands of years.

5. SOIL FORMATION PROCESS Parent Material: This is the underlying geological material (generally bedrock or a loose deposit) from which the soil forms. Soil inherits many characteristics from its parent material, including mineral composition , texture , and drainage properties .

6. SOIL FORMATION PROCESS Climate: Temperature and precipitation are the main climatic factors that affect soil formation. Climate influences the rate of weathering of the parent material, as well as the types of plants and animals present in the area. Wet climates tend to produce thicker soils through more rapid weathering and organic matter accumulation, while dry climates slow these processes down.

7. SOIL FORMATION PROCESS Living Organisms: Plants, animals, microorganisms, and humans all contribute to soil formation. Plants add organic matter to the soil through leaf fall and root decay, which is then decomposed by microorganisms into humus, enriching the soil. Animals and microorganisms mix the soil and alter its structure, while humans can impact soil formation through activities such as farming, deforestation, and urbanization.

8. SOIL FORMATION PROCESS Topography: The shape and slope of the landscape affect soil formation by influencing drainage and erosion. Soils on steep slopes may be thin due to erosion, while soils in valleys may be deep and fertile, having accumulated materials washed down from higher areas.

9. SOIL FORMATION PROCESS Time: Soil formation is a slow process. Over time, soils evolve and develop layers known as horizons . These include the surface layer rich in organic matter, underlying layers with varying mixtures of organic material, minerals, and leached materials, and finally, the layer of partially weathered parent material.

10. SOIL COMPOSITION 02

11. SOIL COMPOSITION Soil is composed of four main components: Mineral Particles (45%-495): These originate from the weathering of rocks and are categorized by size into sand, silt, and clay. Organic Matter (1%-5%): This includes living organisms, fresh residues, and decomposed materials (humus). Organic matter is crucial for soil fertility, providing nutrients, improving soil structure, and enhancing moisture retention.

12. SOIL COMPOSITION Water (20%-30%): Water in soil is vital for plant growth, serving as a solvent and transporter of nutrients from the soil to plant roots. Air (20%-30%): Soil air, present in the spaces between soil particles, provides the oxygen needed by plant roots and soil organisms.

13. In addition… Soil also contains a vast array of organisms, including bacteria , fungi , insects , and earthworms , which play essential roles in nutrient cycling and organic matter decomposition . Nutrients essential for plant growth , such as nitrogen , phosphorus , potassium , calcium , magnesium , and sulfur , are also critical components of soil, present in various chemical forms that plants can absorb and use.

14. DIFFERENT TYPES OF SOIL 02

15. DIFFERENT TYPES OF SOIL Soils are categorized into several types, based on their texture , structure , composition , and the processes that formed them . The classification can be highly detailed and complex in scientific contexts, but at a more general level, soils are often described by their predominant texture or by soil orders in the Soil Taxonomy system used in the United States.

16. BASED ON TEXTURE Soil texture is determined by the relative proportions of sand, silt, and clay particles. This texture affects water retention, nutrient availability, and aeration. The basic types based on texture include: Sandy Soil : Characterized by large particles that are loose and gritty. Sandy soil drains quickly but doesn’t hold nutrients well.

17. BASED ON TEXTURE Silty Soil : Consists of fine particles that feel smooth to the touch. Silty soil retains water and nutrients more effectively than sandy soil but can become compacted easily.

18. BASED ON TEXTURE Clay Soil : Made up of very small particles, clay soil is sticky when wet and hard when dry. It holds water and nutrients well but has poor drainage and aeration.

19. BASED ON TEXTURE Loamy Soil : This is a balanced mixture of sand, silt, and clay, often considered the ideal soil type because it retains moisture and nutrients but also drains well and is easy to work with. It is the ideal soil for gardening.

20. RESULTS ANALYSIS METHODOLOGY CONCLUSIONS OBJECTIVES TABLE OF CONTENTS You can describe the topic of the section here You can describe the topic of the section here You can describe the topic of the section here You can describe the topic of the section here 01 03 02 04

21. You can enter a subtitle here if you need it OBJECTIVES 01

22. You can give a brief description of the topic you want to talk about here. For example, if you want to talk about Mercury, you can say that it’s the smallest planet in the entire Solar System INTRODUCTION

23. -SOMEONE FAMOUS “This is a quote, words full of wisdom that someone important said and can make the reader get inspired.”

24. AWESOME WORDS

25. VENUS MARS MERCURY STUDY OBJECTIVES It’s the closest planet to the Sun and the smallest one in the Solar System Despite being red, Mars is actually a cold place. It’s full of iron oxide dust Venus has a beautiful name and is the second planet from the Sun

26. THEORY 1 THEORY 2 LITERATURE REVIEW Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun and the smallest one in the Solar System. The name has nothing to do with the liquid metal Venus has a beautiful name and is the second planet from the Sun. It’s hot and is the second-brightest natural object in the night sky

27. VENUS SATURN MARS NEPTUNE SCHEDULE 01 02 03 04 Venus is the second planet from the Sun Saturn is composed of hydrogen and helium Despite being red, Mars is actually a cold place Neptune is the farthest planet from the Sun

28. METHODOLOGY Despite being red, Mars is very cold Neptune is far away from Earth Mercury is the smallest planet INFORMATION DATA STUDY COMPARISON THESIS Saturn is a gas giant with rings AUTHORS RESEARCH ANALYSIS

29. STRUCTURE OF EARTH CRUST OUTER CORE MANTLE INNER CORE Despite being red, Mars is actually a cold place Neptune is the farthest planet from the Sun Saturn is composed of hydrogen and helium Venus is the second planet from the Sun

30. TABLE EARTH LAYER DESCRIPTION DEPTH TEMPERATURE MARS Despite being red, Mars is very cold 100 km 1,600 F° MERCURY Mercury is the smallest planet 400 km 3,000 F° VENUS Venus has a beautiful name 5,000 km 4,000 F° SATURN Saturn is a gas giant with rings 10,000 km 9,000 F°

31. 35% 40% 25% RESULTS ANALYSIS Saturn is composed of hydrogen and helium Despite being red, Mars is actually a cold place Neptune is the farthest planet from the Sun Follow the link in the graph to modify its data and then paste the new one here. For more info, click here MARS NEPTUNE SATURN

32. MAP Despite being red, Mars is cold Venus is the second planet from the Sun Saturn is a gas giant with rings MARS VENUS SATURN

33. A PICTURE IS WORTH A THOUSAND WORDS

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35. MARS SATURN NEPTUNE VENUS CONCLUSIONS Despite being red, Mars is actually a cold place Neptune is the farthest planet from the Sun Saturn is composed of hydrogen and helium Venus is the second planet from the Sun

36. Big numbers catch your audience’s attention 6,000,000

37. Is the distance between Earth and the Moon Earths is the Sun’s mass 333,000 386,000 km

38. NEPTUNE MARS SATURN VENUS JUPITER MERCURY Jupiter is the biggest planet of them all MINERAL CHARACTERISTICS Mercury is the smallest planet of them all Venus is the second planet from the Sun Saturn is composed of hydrogen and helium Despite being red, Mars is actually a cold place Neptune is the farthest planet from the Sun

39. BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCES AUTHOR (YEAR). Title of the publication. Publisher AUTHOR (YEAR). Title of the publication. Publisher AUTHOR (YEAR). Title of the publication. Publisher AUTHOR (YEAR). Title of the publication. Publisher AUTHOR (YEAR). Title of the publication. Publisher AUTHOR (YEAR). Title of the publication. Publisher AUTHOR (YEAR). Title of the publication. Publisher AUTHOR (YEAR). Title of the publication. Publisher AUTHOR (YEAR). Title of the publication. Publisher AUTHOR (YEAR). Title of the publication. Publisher AUTHOR (YEAR). Title of the publication. Publisher

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44. RESOURCES Did you like the resources on this template? Get them for free at our other websites: PHOTOS: Green tree in front of rocky mountain against blue sky Full frame shot of rock VECTORS: Earth exploration isometric structure of globe soil layers scientific laboratory geological Isometric geology collection with outdoor landscape illustration

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