Different types of Waxes used in Dentistry

Description about waxes in dentistry

1. DENTAL WAXES
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PRESENTED BY:
DR.SMRITHI.N.S
I YEAR PG

2. WHAT ARE DENTAL WAXES?WHAT ARE DENTAL WAXES?
Thermoplastic materials which are solids at room
temperature but melt without decomposition to form
mobile liquids.
Consists of waxes, resins, oils and pigments.
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3. TYPES OF DENTAL WAXES
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4. TYPES OF WAXES
-Baseplate wax: sheets, establish initial arch form in
construction of CD.
-Bite wax: record the occlusal surfaces of teeth.
-Boxing wax: sheet wax used as a border of an
impression to provide base of the cast to be made.
-Inlay wax: applied to dies to form direct or indirect
patterns for the lost-wax tech.
-Sticky wax: adheres to dry clean surfaces.
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7. COMPOSITION
BASE WAX - Paraffin (Hydrocarbon of paraffin or esters)
oMODIFIER WAXES: contribute properties such as increased hardness,
stickiness, or brittleness
oCOLORANT: 1%
FILLERS : To control expansion and shrinkage of the wax product.
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8. Natural waxes Synthetic waxesAdditives
Minerals: Paraffin
Microcrystalline
Barns Dahl
Ozokerite
Ceresin
Montan
Acrawax C
Aerosol,OT
Castorwax
Flexowax C
Epolene N-10
Albacer
Aldo 33
Durawax 1032
Fats
Stearic acid
Glyceryltristearate
Oils
Turpentine
Color
Plants :Carnauba
Ouricury
Candelilla
Japan wax
Coca butter
Natural Resins
Rosin
Copal
Dammar
Sandarac
Mastin, Shellac
Kauri
Insect: Beeswax
Animal: Spermaceti
Synthetic Resins
Elvax
Polyethylene
Polystyrene
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9. Common Modifier Waxes
Gum dammar: smoothness, resistant to flaking, toughness. (resin)
Ceresin: the hardness and water resistance of wax. Improves carving
properties.
Carnuba: the hardness and water resistance, melting range, gives
glossiness, flow at mouth temp.
Beeswax: the stickiness, improves flow properties at mouth temperature.
(esters)
Rosin: the brittleness. (resin)
Microcrystalline waxes stress release on cooling.
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10. Thermal conductivity
It is low
Wax should be softened evenly by
◦rotation above the flame until it evenly softens or flows
◦Tempered in a water bath alternately with the flame heating to
allow the core to soften before dripping
If a soft core of a bulk of wax is to be made, roll the wax when it is
in softened status – (unable to hold shape by itself)
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11. Lost wax technique
- Used with cast metal techniques
- Wax patterns need to be burned to the point where no excess residue
may interfere with metal casting
- Heat melt and/or decompose wax by the process of oxidation which
completely transform it into water vapor and carbon dioxide so that no
residue is left.
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12. Tackiness or stickiness
- Created by the bees wax addition in the mixture
- Increased if material is warmed by hand
- Solid waxes become tacky to other material if
heated
- Adhesives may be applied on casts before wax
application
- Wax dipping in bees wax increase stickiness of
refractory casts
- Old wax adheres to new one if surface is dry
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13. Dimensional stability
Wax should be dimensionally stable once it has
solidified (less than 1%).
 Invest the pattern immediately after removal from
the die.
Deformations:
Plastic deformation
Under force is by ductility.
Ductility allows it to be carved or burnished
Residual stress recovery
Elastic Recovery
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14. Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
Very high
◦ceramics (1-15 ppm/°C)
◦metals (10-30 ppm/°C)
◦waxes (30-600 ppm/°C)
◦inlay wax (250-300 ppm/°C)
( wax pattern made in the mouth will shrink appreciably)
Residual thermal stresses may change dimensions
Paraffin > beeswax >carnuba
Do not
heat
above
melting
point
during
work
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15. Surface tension
Wax is hydrophobic
To increase its wetting a surfactant could be sprayed over wax to increase flow
of investment material
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16. Pattern Waxes
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17. Pattern waxes
Uses
metal castings of
◦Inlays
◦Attachments
◦Crowns
◦Pontics
◦Partial dentures
Denture base material
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18. Inlay wax
Forms
sticks pallets, tins
-Blue or green
Consistencies
-Hard, medium, soft, regular
Application
-indirect and direct technique
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RemovableRemovable
Die withDie with
Waxed InlayWaxed Inlay

19. INLAY WAX
Composition
Paraffin + Carnuba + Ceresin
+Beeswax + Colorants
Properties
-low thermal dimensional change
-flow temp higher than mouth
-must have clean excess residue
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21. Casting waxes
Application
Used for metal framework
complete and partial dentures
Forms
Sheets and preformed shapes
Properties
low thermal dimensional change
must have clean excess residue
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24. Base Plate wax
Form
sheets
Types I, II & III
Application
-wax registration of ridge form
-Carved into tissue forms and Support teeth
-Bite registration
Properties
-melting range higher than mouth temperature
-Customised to climate
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25. Processing wax
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26. Impression wax
Uses
For edentulous impressions
Corrects undercuts
Closes bubbles
Properties
flow at mouth temperature
E.g. Bite wax, mizzy
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27. Wax Bite Registration
Uses
To articulate models
correctly
Forms
horse shoe shape
May be supported by
metal foil for stability
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28. Boxing wax
Forms
1 inch sheets
Uses
used to form base of the cast pouring
May be used to modify borders of trays
Properties
Tacky at room temp

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Transfer to impressionTransfer to impression

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30. Utility wax
Forms
Ropes manipulated at room temp
Applications
Add to the tray
-customize for pt mouth
-Comfort from sharp edges
-Control imp material in mouth
-Cover ortho bands and wires
- to register the bite
-Block out undercuts
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31. Sticky wax
Forms
Pencil shape
orange or yellow

Properties
hard and brittle – can reorient if broken
Adhere temporarily the metal, gypsum, resin – for
fabrication or repair

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