Different types of weathering of rocks and mineral

Weathering describes the breaking down or dissolving of rocks and minerals on the surface of Earth. Water, ice, acids, salts, plants, animals, and changes in temperature are all agents of weathering. Once a rock has been broken down, a process called erosion transports the bits of rock and mineral away

1. Earth Science Classification of Rocks

2. Lesson Objectives: describe igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks based on their characteristics and how they are formed; explain the process of the formation of igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks; and give examples of igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks

3. ROCKS

4. ROCKS Natural substances consisting of aggregate minerals clumped together with other Earth materials through natural processes

5. 1. IGNEOUS ROCKS Latin word ignis means fire Formed from the cooling and solidification of magma or lava Two types: Intrusive Extrusive

6. Extrusive (volcanic) From the rapid cooling lava Extruded during volcanic eruption Basalt Andesite

7. Intrusive (plutonic) From slowly cooling magma They cool underneath the surface as plutons granite syenite

8. 2. SEDIMENTARY ROCKS From the root word sediment which means “remaining particles” Rocks that have formed from the deposition of different materials on earth surface Pre-existing rocks or pieces of dead organism that has been cemented by natural process

9. sedimentary rock shale sandstone

10. sedimentary rock slate schist

11. sedimentary rock limestone Bituminous Coal

12. 3. METAMORPHIC ROCKS meta means “change” morph means “form” metamorphism means “change in form” rocks that derive from igneous or sedimentary rocks that were exposed to high pressure, high temperature or both

13. Regional Metamorphism When the dominant altering factor is pressure , usually due to tectonic activity Foliation - layered or banded appearance in rocks gneiss

14. Contact Metamorphism When the dominant altering factor is heat , from direct contact between older rock and an intruding body of magma Non-foliated metamorphic rock- like marble and quartzite quartzite

15. ROCK CYCLE

16. Activity While mountain trekking, Mayumi found several rocks that contained remains of aquatic plants and animals. What kind of rock did she found? What can you infer from the formation of the rock?

17. ROCK IDENTIFICATION

18. READY!

19. Earth Science Weathering

20. Lesson Objectives: define weathering and distinguish between the two main types of weathering; identify the factors that affect the rate of weathering ; identify the different types of physical and chemical weathering.

21. Weathering The on-site breakdown of rock and its eventual transformation into sediments.

22. Activity

23. Types of Weathering

24. Types of Weathering Physical (Mechanical) Chemical

25. Physical (Mechanical) Weathering is the physical breakdown of rock into sediments without changing its chemical composition

26. Chemical Weathering The altering of rocks as a result of exposure to different substances.

27. Types of Physical Weathering

28. ROOT WEDGING When plant grows, its root may cause the rock joints to break.

29. FROST WEDGING water inside the fractures of rock freeze, it will cause the joints of rocks to expand and grow, causing the pieces of rocks to detach.

30. EXFOLIATION The process of splitting of rocks into onion-like sheets parallel to the surface

31. Abrasion Wearing down of rocks by friction , water or wind

32. Types of Chemical Weathering

33. Oxidation the reaction of rock minerals with oxygen , changing the mineral composition of the rock

34. Carbonation Mixing of water with carbon dioxide occurs on rocks which contain calcium carbonate such as limestone and chalk

35. Biological Weathering When plant, fungi and lichens secrete organic acids that dissolve minerals

36. Root Wedging- plant roots growing into rocks Frost Wedging- Freezing/thawing of ice cracks rocks Exfoliation- Alternating hot/cold cracks rocks Abrasion- grinding of rocks against rock Oxidation- iron + oxygen= Rust (iron oxide) Carbonation- acid rain dissolves limestones Biological weathering- acid from plants, fungi cracks rocks

37. EROSION AND TRANSPORT

38. EROSION Separation or removal of weathered and unweathered rocks and soil from its substrate due to gravity or transporting agents like wind, ice and water.

39. TRANSPORT Process by which sediments are moved along from the source to where they are deposited

40. DEPOSITION

41. Deposition Process in which sediments settle out of the transporting medium