Differential Leukocyte count and function

leukocyte

1. Differential leukocyte count & function Mohamed Abdelhafez 202305893 Tasnim Nafi 202208461 Hamza Hussein 202209604 Weam Altayeb 202205142 Mariam Mohamed 202313344 Maryam Al- Marrikhi 202304357 CRN 24985 Dr. Hassan Anwer Spring 2024 HSF 2

2. Table of contents 01 02 03 04 Introduction 05 06 Granulocytes: count & function Clinical Applications of Leukocyte Count leukocyte count disorders References Agranulocytes: count & function

3. Introduction 01

4. What is leukocyte? A leukocyte, also known as a white blood cell, is a cell of the immune system that helps protect the body against infections and foreign invaders.

5. Types of leukocyte Agranulocytes Granulocytes Includes: . Neutrophils . Eosinophils . Basophils Includes: . Lymphocyte . Monocyte

6. Differential leukocyte count . Overview:  Differential leukocyte count is a diagnostic test that measures types and amounts of white blood cells in the blood. . Clinical Significance:  providing vital information about immune function and health status. . Process:  The count uses microscopy or automated machines to determine the proportions of different white blood cells.

7. Granulocytes: count & function 02

8. Granulocytes Basophil Eosinophil Neutrophil

9. Neutrophil DLC: Differential Leukocyte Count . Function: Neutrophils are key to innate immunity, primarily destroying pathogens. . Count and Clinical Significance: Making up 60-70% of leukocytes, their levels indicate infection or inflammation. . Diagnostic Relevance: Changes in neutrophil count signal conditions like bacterial infections or neutropenia.

10. Eosinophil DLC: Differential Leukocyte Count . Function: Eosinophiles tackle parasites and allergies, modulate inflammation. . Count and Clinical Significance: 3-8% of leukocytes; high levels hint at allergies, parasites, or cancer. . Diagnostic Relevance: Elevated eosinophils suggest eosinophilic esophagitis or drug allergies.

11. Basophil DLC: Differential Leukocyte Count . Function: Function: Basophils manage inflammation, prevent clots, and aid in allergy responses. . Count and Clinical Significance: Less than 1% of leukocytes; rise indicates chronic allergies or blood disorders. . Diagnostic Relevance: High basophil counts point to hypersensitivity reactions like asthma or anaphylaxis.

12. Agranulocytes: count & function 03

13. Agranulocytes Monocyte Lymphocyte

14. Monocyte DLC: Differential Leukocyte Count . Function: Monocytes transform into macrophages or dendritic cells for phagocytosis and antigen handling. . Count and Clinical Significance: 4-8% of leukocytes; elevated levels indicate infections or inflammation. . Diagnostic Relevance: Monocyte monitoring aids in diagnosing mononucleosis and tracking leukemia.

15. Lymphocyte DLC: Differential Leukocyte Count . Function: Lymphocytes (T and B cells) drive adaptive immunity, target pathogens, and remember attacks. . Count and Clinical Significance: 20-25 % of leukocyte; fluctuations indicate immune health and signal infections or autoimmune diseases. . Diagnostic Relevance: Key for diagnosing lymphoma, leukemia, and monitoring HIV/AIDS.

16. Clinical Applications of Leukocyte Count 04

17. Clinical Application . Used as Diagnostic Tool . Helps in Managing Disease . Aids in Preventive Healthcare

18. Leukocyte Count Disorders 05

19. leukocyte count disorders Leukocytosis : Elevated white blood cell count. Leukopenia: Reduced white blood cell count.

20. References 06

21. Sources and Refrences What are white blood cells? - Health Encyclopedia - University of Rochester Medical Center. (n.d.). https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content.aspx?ContentID=35&ContentTypeID=160 Parikh, R., Folsom, A. R., Poudel, K., Lutsey , P. L., Demmer , R. T., Pankow, J. S., Chen, L. Y., & Tang, W. (2021). Association of differential leukocyte count with incident abdominal aortic aneurysm over 22.5 years: the ARIC study. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology, 41(8), 2342–2351. https://doi.org/10.1161/atvbaha.121.315903 Arpáš , T., & Doubek , M. (2022b). Differential diagnosis of leukocytosis and leukopenia. Vnitřní Lékařství , 68(7), E28–E35. https://doi.org/10.36290/vnl.2022.103 Tigner , A. (2022, November 14). Histology, White Blood Cell. StatPearls [Internet]. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK563148/

22. Thanks! Does anyone have any questions?