differential.pdf

detailed discussion on working mechanism of a differential, includings its history and drawbacks.

1. DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
A TECHNICAL SEMINAR ON
A STUDY ON AUTOMOBILE
DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM
Presentedby:
ABHIJITHVIJAYAKUMAR

2. CONTENTS
1.INTRODUCTION
2.PARTS OF DIFFERNTIAL SYSTEM
3.WORKING OF DIFFERENTIAL
4.CASE STUDIES
5.OTHER FUNCTIONS OF DIFFERNTIAL
6.DRAWBACK OF STANDARD DIFFERENTIAL
7.LIMITED SLIP DIFFERENTIAL
8.CONCLUSION
9.REFERENCE

3. INTRODUCTION
Differentialisanintegralpartofallfourwheelers.
Adifferentialisusedtoallowthewheelstospinat
differentspeeds.
This is necessary when the vehicle turns
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4. PART’S OF DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM
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Pinion drive gear: transfer power from the drive shaft
to the ring gear.
Ring gear: will transfer power to differential case
assembly.
Spider gears: The spider gear lies at the heart of the
differential and special mention should be made about
its rotation.
Differential case assembly: Hold the gear and drive
the axel.
Rear drive axel: Transfer torque from differential
assembly to the drive wheels.

5. Part’s of Differential
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6. WORKING OF DIFFERENTIAL
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When turning, the inner and outer wheels have arcs of
different turning radii.
The inner wheels travel less distance than the outer
wheels.

7. 4
From the drive shaft power is transferred to the pinion
gear first, since the pinion and ring gear are meshed,
power flows to the ring gear.
As the spider gear is connected with the ring gear,
power flows to it.
Finally from the spider gear, power gets transferred to
both the side gears.

8. DIFFERENT CASES
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1.The vehicle moves straight
In this case the spider gear rotates along with the ring
gear but does not rotate on its own axis.
So the spider gear will push and make the side gears
turn, and both will turn at the same speed.

9. 6
2. Vehicle takes a turn(right)
In this along with the rotation of the ring gear it rotates
on its own axis.
So the spider gear is having a combined rotation.
When the spider gear is spinning as well as rotating,
peripheral velocity at the left side of spider gear is the
sum of the spinning and rotational velocity.
But at the right side, it is the difference of the two, since
the spin velocity is in the opposite direction at this side.

10. OTHER FUNCTIONS OF
DIFFERENTIAL
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1)Firstisspeedreductionatthepinion-ringgearassembly.
sincethepowerflowatthepinionandringgeararethe
same,suchaspeedreductionwillresultinahightorque
multiplication.
2)canalsonoteonespecialtyoftheringgear,theyare
hypoidgears.Hypoidgearshavemorecontactarea
comparedtotheothergearpairs.
3)Theotherfunctionofthedifferentialistoturnthepower
flowdirectionby90degree.

11. DRAWBACK OF STANDARD
DIFFERENTIAL
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The problem is an open diff always tries to balance
the torque.
Almost no torque is needed to spin one wheel, and
since the open differential always sends the same
amount of torque to both output shafts.

12. TYPES OF DIFFERENTIAL
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1).Open differential
2).Limited slip differential
Clutch LSD
Viscous Coupling LSD
Locking LSD
Torsen LSD

13. LIMITED SLIP DIFFERNTIAL
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Inthe case of a standard differential inoff-
roadingor snow situations where one wheel begins to
slip or lose contact with the ground.
In this situation, a limited-slip differential prevents
excessive power from being allocated to one wheel,
and thereby keeping both wheels in powered rotation.

14. CONCLUSION
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In automobile and other wheeled vehicles, the
differential allows each of the driving wheels to rotate
at different speeds, while supplying equal torque to
each of them.
Limited slip differential prevents excessive power
from being allocated to one wheel, and thereby
keeping both wheels in powered rotation.

15. REFERNCE
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A study on vehicle differential system: : Chandrakantsingh,
LalitkumarInternationalJournal of scientific research and
management (IJSRM) ||Volume||2||Issue||11||Pages||1680-
1683||2014||.
The development of a differential for theimprovement of
traction control; ThInstitution of Mechanical Engineers,
C368/88© IMechE1988.

16. THANK YOU
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