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1. Mineral Sciences

2. Atom
Structure of an atom
Proton, Neutron, Electron
Bohr’s atom model
One-dimensionalmodelthat
usedonequantumnumberto
describethedistributionof
electronsintheatom.
Theonlyimportantinformation
wasthesizeoftheorbit,which
wasdescribedbythequantum
number(n).

3. Schrondinger’s atom model
Electronoccupythree-
dimensionalspace.
Requiredthreecoordinates,
orthreequantumnumbers,to
describetheorbitalsinwhich
electronscanbefound.

4. Quantum numbers
The maximum possible number of electron in any shell =
2n
2

5. Quantum numbers
The maximum possible number of electron in any shell =
2n
2

6. Quantum numbers
The maximum possible number of electron in any shell =
2n
2

7. Excitation of atoms
Ionization potential –The energy required to drive off an atom
from an element from its gaseous state.
Excitation potential –An atom can acquire lesser amount of
energy than that needed to ionize it and this energy brings the
atom to an excited state. Such energies are known as excitation
potential.

8. Atomic number –Number of protons in an atomic nucleus
Mass number –Number of protons and neutrons in an atomic
nucleus
The physical and chemical properties of elements vary
systematically with the nuclear charge ie. the atomic number.
The systematic change or the periodicity is represented by the
periodic table.