Digestive system A&P_065809.pptx slideshare

Digestive system of human body
Contains all information about digestion process

1. Digestive System Presented by: Group C presented to: Mr.Azhar

2. Presenters Chanza Niaz Sajjad Khan Zeeshan Rashid Faisal Hayat Muhammad Haris

3. Digestive System The organs that take in food and liquids and break them down into substances that the body can use for energy, growth, and tissue repair. The human digestive system consists of the gastrointestinal tract plus the accessory organs of digestion. Digestion involves the breakdown of food into smaller components, until they can be absorbed and assimilated into the body.

4. Digestion Phases Include: Ingestion Movement Mechanical and chemical Digestion Absorption Elimination

5. Digestion Types Mechanical(Physical ): Chew Tear Grind Mash Mix Chemical: Enzamatic reaction to improve digestion of:- Carbohydrates Proteins Lipids

6. Digestive System Organization Gastrointestinal(GI) tract Tube within a tube Direct link/path between organs Structures Mouth Pharynx Esophagus Small intestine Large intestine Rectum

7. Mouth Teeth mechanically break down food into small pieces. Tongue mixes food with saliva (contains amylase, which helps break down starch). Epiglotis is a flap-like structure at the back of the throat that closes over the trachea preventing food from entering it.

8. Processes of the Mouth Mastication(chewing) of food Mixing masticated food with saliva Initiation of swallowing by the tongue Allowing for the sense of taste

9. Anatomy of Pharynx Nasopharynx-(not part of the digestive system) Oropharynx-(poterior to oral cavity) Laryngopharynx-(below the oropharynx and connected to the esophagus)

10. Pharynx Function Serves as a passageway for air and food Food is propelled to the esophagus by two muscle layers Longitudinal inner layer Circular outer layer Food movement is by alternating contractions of the muscle layers(peristalsis)

11. Esophagus Approximately 10cm long Functions include : Secrete mucus Moves food from the throat to the stomach using muscle movement called peristalsis If acid from the stomach gets in here that` heartburn.

12. Stomach J-shaped muscular bag that stores the food you eat, breaks it down into tiny pieces. Mixes food with digestive juices that contains enzymes to break down proteins and lipids. Acid in the stomach kills bacteria. Food found in the stomach is called chyme .

13. Stomach Functions Acts as a storage tank for food Site of food breakdown Chemical breakdown of protein begins Delivers chyme (processed food)to the small intestine

14. Small Intestine Small intestines are roughly 7 meters long Lining of intestine walls has finger-like projections called villi, to increase surface area. The villi are covered in microvilli which further increases surface area for absorption.

15. Small Intestine Nutrients from the food pass into the bloodstream through the small intestine walls. Absorbs : 80% ingested water Vitamins Minerals Carbohydrates Proteins Lipids (Secrete digestive enzymes)

16. Subdivisions of the Small Intestine “Dogs Just Itch” Duodenum Attached to the stomach Curves around the head of the pancreas J ejunum Attaches anteriorly to the duodenum Ileum Extends from jejunum to large intestine

17. Large Intestine About 5 feet long Accepts what small intestines don`t absorb Rectum(short term storage which holds feces before it is expelled).

18. Functions of Large Intestine Absorption of water Eliminates indigestible food from the body as feces Does not participate in digestion of food Goblet cells produce mucus to act as a lubricant

19. Accessory Organs Liver Gall bladder Pancreas (These are not part of the path of food, but play a critical role).

20. Liver Directly affects digestion by producing bile Bile helps digest fat Filters out toxins and waste including drugs and alcohol

21. Gall Bladder Stores bile from the liver, release it into the small intestine Fatty diets can cause gallstones

22. Pancreas Produces digestive enzymes to digest fats, carbohydrates and proteins Regulates blood sugar by producing insulin

23. Reference Essentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology ( 7 th edition )