Digestive system Grade 5 igcse easy notes

Digestive system Grade 5 igcse easy notes

1. REVIEW
Nutrition & Digestion

2. 1. Explain what a food label tells you.
The nutritional facts found in
processed foods.

3. 2. How is energy measured in food?
•calories
3. Identify the 6 types of nutrients.
•Carbs, proteins, lipids, vitamins, minerals,
water

4. 4. Identify the following
information for the food to
the left.
a. Serving size
b. Total carbohydrates
c. Calories
d. Protein
5. How many calories would you
consume if you ate 2
servings of these crackers?
2 crackers/14g
10g
60
2g
120 calories

5. 6. Identify the nutrient being
described:
a. Builds and repairs
•proteins
b. The body needs 14 of these
•minerals
c. Main source of energy
•Carbohydrates

6. 6. Identify the nutrient being
described:
d. Made of amino acids
•proteins
e. Stores energy
•Lipids/fat
f. Makes up most of the body
•water

7. 7. The main function of the human digestive system is to
(1) break down foods for absorption into the blood
(2) exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs
(3) release energy from sugars within the cells
(4) carry nutrients to all parts of the body
8. Nutrients from digested food enter the blood stream
through the process of
(1) absorption (3) respiration
(2) elimination (4) secretion
9. Which substance provides humans with their main source of
energy?
(1) food (2) carbon dioxide (3) water (4) chlorophyll

8. 10.

9. 11. Identify each structure labeled in the diagram.
oral
cavity/mouth
stomach
pancreas
small intestine
rectum
gall bladder
large
intestine

10. 12. Where does protein digestion
begin?
13. What is the function of F?
14. Where are nutrients absorbed
into the blood?
In the stomach
Absorb water
In the small
intestine/villi

11. 15. What does C produce? Where
does it go?
16. What is the function of G?
17 Chemical digestion is completed in
this structure.
18. What type of digestion occurs in
A?
Pancreatic juice
Small intestine/duodenum
store bile
small intestine/duodenum
mechanical and chemical

12. 19. What is the name of this process? What is
its function?
20. Where in the digestive tract does this
process occur?
•peristalsis
•To push food through the digestive tract
esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large
intestine

13. 21. What is structure F? What is the function of this
substance?
22. Identify structure B. What kind of digestion occurs
here?
23. What is the function of structure A?
•liver•to produce bile
•stomach
Pushes food down into the stomach using
peristalsis
•Chemical digestion of proteins by pepsin
•Mechanical digestion (wall of stomach churns
food)

14. 24. Through which of these structures does food pass?
25. Which organs are not part of the digestive tract?
How do they aid in digestion?
Esophagus (A)
Stomach (B)
Small intestine (D)
•Liver (F) –produces bile that goes to the SI
•Gall bladder (E) –stores bile
•Pancreas (C) –releases pancreatic juice into SI

15. 26. Describe the role of
the small intestine in
digestion.
•Where most chemical
digestion occurs
•Where chemical digestion is
completed
•Lined with VILLI which
absorb nutrients into the
blood

16. 27. Identify the labeled organs.
A-mouth
B -Esophagus
C –Stomach
D –Pancreas
E -Large intestine
F -Appendix
G -Small intestine
H –Gall bladder
I -Liver

17. 28. Through what organs does
food pass? (in order)
mouth
Esophagus
Stomach
Small intestine
Large intestine
Rectum
Anus

18. 29. Where excess water reabsorbed?
30. What occurs in structure G?
31. What does I produce? Where does it
go?
32. This is where chemical digestion
begins.
33. This is where chemical digestion ends.
Large intestine
Villi absorb nutrients into blood
Bile –into small intestine
mouth
Small intestine/duodenum

19. 34. Identify organs where there
is no digestion occurring.
Esophagus
Liver
Salivary glands
Pancreas
Gall bladder

20. 35. Explain the difference between mechanical
and chemical digestion.
•Mechanical is a physical breakdown, while
chemical digestion breaks down complex
molecules into more simple molecules using
enzymes.

21. 36. Where does mechanical digestion
begin? How?
•Mouth –teeth grind up food
37. Where does chemical digestion begin?
How?
•Mouth –ptyalin/salivary amylase in saliva
starts to chemically break down starches
into sugar
38. Where does chemical digestion end?
•Duodenum (small intestine)

22. 39. Where does most chemical digestion
occur?
•Duodenum (small intestine)
40. Where and how are nutrients
absorbed once food has been completely
broken down.
•They are absorbed in the villi of the
small intestine by diffusion.

23. 41. Identify the digestive organ described.
a. Where the digestion of protein begins.
•stomach
b. Where mechanical digestion begins.
•mouth
c. Site of water absorption.
•Large intestine
d. All chemical digestion is completed here.
•Duodenum (SI)

24. 41. Identify the digestive organ described.
e. Where the breakdown of starch begins.
•mouth
f. Where bile is stored.
•Gall bladder
g. Releases many enzymes into the SI.
•pancreas

25. 41. Identify the digestive organ described.
h. Pushes food into the stomach.
•esophagus
i. Where the absorption of nutrients occurs.
•Small intestine/villi
j. Lining is protected by a mucus layer.
•stomach

26. 42. What enzyme is found in saliva? What does
it break down?
•Salivary amylase/ptylin
•Carbohydrates (starchessugar)
43. What enzyme is produced in the stomach?
What does it break down?
•Pepsin
•protein

27. 44. There are many enzymes found in intestinal
juice made in the small intestine. What do they
break down?
•Carbohydrates and proteins
45. There are many enzymes found in pancreatic
juice. What do they break down?
•Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins
46. Is bile an enzyme? Why or why not?
•Bile is not an enzyme because it emulsifies fat.
IT breaks down large droplets of fat into
smaller droplets which is mechanical digestion,
not chemical digestion.

28. Salivary gland
esophagus
stomach
duodenum
pancreas
Small intestine
anus
mouth
epiglottis
liver
Gall bladder
Large intestine
appendix
47