Digestive System parts and functions.pdf

Biology

2. vo abs
appetizer

3. process of taking food into the oral cavity
via the mouth

4. process of alternate muscle contractions,
between longitudinal and circular smooth
muscles, that pushes food along GI tract
(applies to other systems as well)

5. Peristalsis
Wave of muscle contraction
Food enters the digestive tract as a bolus

7. the breakdown of food into small and
absorbable units

8. mechanical
chemical

9. breaking of a large food into smaller pieces;
no breaking of molecular bonds

10. breaking of molecular bonds
(e.g. polysaccharides into monosaccharides)

12. transport of monomers from lumen of
alimentary canal (=GI tract) to the blood

13. elimination of nondigestible
wastes from the body via the
anus

14. The release of water, acids, enzymes, buffers,
and salts by the digestive tract epithelium and
by accessory digestive organs
SECRETION

16. Provides nutrients for cell maintenance
and growth
Consists of muscular tube called
digestive tract--also called
gastrointestinal (GI) tract, or alimentary
canal

17. Consists of muscular tube called
digestive tract--also called
gastrointestinal (GI) tract, or alimentary
canal

18. Supports tissues with no direct contact
with the outside environment
Cardiovascular system
Respiratory system
Works with the cardiovascular system to supply
oxygen to and remove carbon dioxide from cells
Urinary system
Removes organic wastes generated by cell activity

20. COMPOSED OF:
A. Digestive tract
Food passes along length from mouth to anus
B. Accessory organs
Secrete products into the digestive tract

22. mesentery
supportsand positions
all the digestive organs in
the abdomen
preventsentanglement of
intestines

23. The digestive tract begins
with the mouthand ends
with the anus
Muscular tube about 10 m (33 ft) long

24. major organs and
their functions

25. mouth
Saliva starts to break down starch to sugar
Mechanical processing (with the teeth and
tongue), moistening, mixing with salivary
secretions

26. Muscular propulsion of
food into the esophagus
pharynx

27. esophagus
Transport of materials to the stomach

28. stomach
Chemical breakdown and
mechanical processing

29. Systematically breaks food down.
Absorbs nutrients.
Extracts water.
Moves food along the gastrointestinal tract.
Small intestine

30. Dehydration and compaction of
indigestible materials
Large intestine

32. + teeth
tongue

33. ACCESSORY ORGANS
Food enters the GI tract by
ingestion
Food is broken down by mechanical
digestion, using mastication
teeth
tongue
salivary glands
oral cavity

34. ACCESSORY ORGANS
oral cavity
One chemical digestive process occur where amylase
enzyme in saliva breaks down polysaccharide into
disaccharides

35. ACCESSORY ORGANS
oral cavity
The tongue, made of skeletal muscle, manipulates the
food during mastication. It also contains taste buds to
detect taste sensations (intrinsic).

36. ACCESSORY ORGANS
oral cavity
Food particles are mixed with saliva during mastication,
resulting in a moist lump called bolusfor easier passage
into or pharynx

37. ACCESSORY ORGANS
Food enters the GI tract by
ingestion
Food is broken down by mechanical
digestion, using mastication
teeth
tongue
salivary glands
oral cavity

38. ACCESSORY ORGANS
gallbladder
Stores and concentrates bile secreted
by the liver.
A small sac located on the
inferior , visceral surface of the
liver.

39. ACCESSORY ORGANS
liver
Producing important substances. Your liver continually
produces bile. This is a chemical that helps turn fats
into energy that your body uses. Bile is necessary for
the digestive process.

40. Name the parts!
salivary glands
+ tongue
esophagus
stomach
liver
gallbladder

41. Name the parts!
pancreas
mesentary
large intestine
small intestine
rectum
+ anus

43. mouth
tongue
salivary glands
pharynx
esophagus
stomach
liver
gall bladder
pancreas
Large intestine
Small intestine
rectum
anus

47. Incisors are chisel-shaped,witha sharp edge. They
are used for biting off small pieces of food so that
you can take the food into your mouth.

48. Canines are more pointed than incisors. In humans,
they are used in the same way as incisors.

49. Premolars have broad surfaces with ridgeson them.
They are used for crushing and grinding food when
you chew.

50. Molars are like premolars, but sometimes a bit
bigger. They are also used for crushing and
grinding food.

52. view
Which other systems work with the
digestive system to support the cells and
tissues of the human body?
Respiratory Circulatory Urinary

53. view
Starting at the mouth, identify the major
organs of the digestive tract.
Oral cavity Pharynx Esophagus Stomach
Small intestines Large intestines

54. view
List the accessory organs of the digestive
system.

55. I can statements:
1.Enumerate the different nutrients that
we need to stay healthy
2.Differentiate nutrients from food
3.Appreciate the importance of a balance
diet

58. WHAT
areNUTRIENTS?
to provide energy
to provide materials for making chemicals that
are needed to make cells and other parts of the
body

59. carbohydrates
proteins
fats

60. GROUP
work
1.What is _____?
2.What are the functions of ____?
3.What are the sources of _____?
4.Additional information.
GUIDES:

62. PROTEINS
“protos”
of prime importance

63. PROTEINS
Materials for making new cells
Needed in the production of enzymes
Important in the formation of antibodies
Energy source of the cells
https://mrm-usa.com/primary-sources-protein/

66. CARBOHYDRATES
When burned, will release carbon and water
made up of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
Most important source of energy for the body
They are broken down into glucose
Then converted to ATP—the energy currency

70. FATS
Can also be a source of energy
Can be stored in the body
Insulates the body
Needed in making new cell membranes

73. VITAMINS
Needed in very small quantities
DO NOT PROVIDE ENERGY
We can also get them from fruits and vegestables

76. FIBRE
Needed for smooth bowel movement
DO NOT PROVIDE ENERGY
We can also get them from fruits and vegestables