Digital Literacy Topic 1 Presentation.pptx

CDACC Digital Literacy presentation

1. DIGITAL LITERACY

2. LINK TO NOTES AND LEARNING RESOURCES https://shorturl.at/SSWZe

3. 1. Meaning and Importance of Digital Literacy Digital Literacy refers to the ability to use digital tools and technologies effectively. It includes skills for accessing, managing, and using information through digital devices like computers, smartphones, and the internet. In today's world, digital literacy is crucial for communication, education, work, and entertainment. It empowers individuals to: Operate digital devices confidently. Access and evaluate information online. Use productivity tools (like Microsoft Office and Google Workspace). Collaborate and communicate through digital platforms. Stay safe and secure in the digital environment.

4. Definition of Computer A computer is an electronic device that processes data according to a set of instructions called a program. It performs a variety of tasks such as calculations, data storage, and management, and executes operations such as receiving, processing, and outputting data. The computer takes inputs (data) from the user or other systems, processes the data through its central processing unit (CPU), and outputs the result to the user or another system.

5. Computers are capable of: Input : Accepting data through devices like keyboards, mice, or sensors. Processing : Manipulating the data using the CPU and memory. Output : Displaying or transmitting the processed data via monitors, printers, or other devices. Storage : Saving data for future use on storage devices like hard drives or solid-state drives (SSD).

6. 2. Functions and Uses of Computers Functions of Computers: Data Input : Computers accept data through input devices (keyboard, mouse, etc.). Data Processing : This involves manipulating the input data to produce meaningful output (calculations, word processing, etc.). Data Storage : Computers store data temporarily (RAM) or permanently (hard drives). Data Output : The processed data is presented to the user through output devices (monitors, printers, etc.).

7. Uses of Computers: Communication : Email, social media, video conferencing (Zoom, Teams). Work : Word processing, spreadsheets, presentations, graphic design. Entertainment : Gaming, streaming, social media. Education : E-learning, research, presentations, and note-taking

8. Early History of Computers Abacus (3000 BC): First known tool for computation. Mechanical Calculators (17th Century): Early devices like Pascal’s Calculator. Charles Babbage (1830s): Concept of the Analytical Engine, considered the first mechanical computer. Ada Lovelace: Credited as the first programmer for her work on Babbage’s engine.

9. Computer Generations Generation Time Period Technology Key Features Examples First Generation 1940–1956 Vacuum Tubes - Large, room-sized machines - Machine language - High electricity usage - Produced a lot of heat ENIAC, UNIVAC I Second Generation 1956–1963 Transistors - Smaller, faster, and more efficient - Assembly language - Lower power consumption and heat generation IBM 1401, UNIVAC II Third Generation 1964–1971 Integrated Circuits (ICs) - Even smaller and faster - Operating systems and multiprogramming - More reliable, with reduced costs IBM System/360, Honeywell 6000

10. Cont.… Generation Time Period Technology Key Features Examples Fourth Generation 1971–Present Microprocessors - Personal computers (PCs) - Graphical user interfaces (GUIs) - Affordable and widespread - Internet and networks IBM PC, Apple I & II, modern desktops/laptops Fifth Generation Present and Beyond AI, Quantum Computing - Focus on Artificial Intelligence (AI) - Quantum computing (experimental phase) - Cloud computing, IoT, and smart devices AI applications (e.g., Google DeepMind), Quantum computers, Autonomous cars

11. 3. Classification of Computers . 1. Classification Based on Size Type Description Examples Supercomputers - Extremely powerful machines used for complex scientific calculations, simulations, and data processing. - Can perform trillions of calculations per second (measured in FLOPS). Summit, Fugaku, Tianhe-2 Mainframe Computers - Large computers used by large organizations for bulk data processing (e.g., banks, government agencies). - Capable of handling thousands of users simultaneously. IBM Z Series, Unisys ClearPath Minicomputers - Mid-range computers smaller than mainframes but more powerful than personal computers. - Often used for specific tasks like process control in industries. DEC PDP-11, IBM AS/400

12. Cont. Type Description Examples Personal Computers - General-purpose computers for individual use. - Can be desktops, laptops, or all-in-one computers. - Widely used for everyday tasks (work, study, entertainment). Dell, HP, MacBook, Lenovo Mobile Devices - Portable computing devices like smartphones, tablets, and wearables. - Primarily used for communication, internet access, and mobile applications. iPhone, Samsung Galaxy, iPad Embedded Computers - Computers embedded in other machines to control specific tasks. - Usually part of larger systems (e.g., appliances, cars, medical devices). Washing machines, smart TVs, ATMs

13. 2. Based on Functionality Type Description Examples Analog Computers - These computers operate on continuous data and are used for scientific and engineering calculations where precision is less critical. - Rarely used today. Analog computers for scientific simulations Digital Computers - These computers operate on binary data (0s and 1s) and are the most common type used today for general-purpose tasks (from business to personal use). Personal computers, mainframes, smartphones Hybrid Computers - These computers combine features of both analog and digital computers. - Often used in specialized scientific applications like medical devices. ECG machines, some flight control systems

14. 3. Based on Purpose Type Description Examples General-Purpose Computers - Designed to perform a wide variety of tasks (e.g., word processing, web browsing, gaming). - These computers are programmable to perform various functions. Desktops, laptops, servers Special-Purpose Computers - Built to perform a specific task (e.g., controlling traffic signals, managing ATM transactions). - They are not meant for general use. ATMs, digital cameras, embedded systems

15. 4. Components of a Computer System A computer system consists of hardware, software, and firmware components working together to perform tasks. Basic Components : Hardware : The physical parts of a computer. Software : Programs and instructions that run on the computer. Firmware : Special software embedded in hardware, controlling basic operations (e.g., BIOS). 4. Liveware : refers to the human component (User/Operator) in a computer system. Liveware is crucial because, without people, hardware and software would be unable to perform useful tasks

16. 5. Computer Hardware Hardware refers to the physical components of the computer. These include: a. The System Unit This is the main body of the computer where most of the critical hardware components reside. Motherboard : The central circuit board that connects all components.

17. Cont. of System Unit CPU (Central Processing Unit) : The brain of the computer, responsible for executing instructions. RAM (Random Access Memory) : Temporary storage that holds data and instructions currently being used by the CPU. Power Supply Unit (PSU) : Supplies power to all components. Expansion Slots : Where additional components (e.g., graphics cards, network cards) can be added. Cooling System : Includes fans and heat sinks to prevent overheating.

18. Processor/CPU (Central Processing Unit) RAM (Random Access Memory)

19. b. Input Devices These are used to feed data into the computer. Common Input Devices : Keyboard : Used to input text and commands. Mouse : A pointing device used for navigation and selecting items on the screen. Touchpad : Similar to a mouse but found on laptops. Scanning Devices : E.g., barcode scanners and document scanners. Voice/Speech Recognition Devices : Convert spoken words into text (e.g., microphones). Direct Data Capture Devices : E.g., fingerprint scanners, smart cards.

20. c. Output Devices Devices that display or output data from the computer. Common Output Devices : Monitor : The primary visual display unit (softcopy output). Printer : Converts digital documents into physical copies (hardcopy output). Speakers : Output sound. Projectors : Display visual information on large screens.

21. d. Storage Devices Storage devices retain data, either temporarily or permanently. Types of Storage Devices : Primary Storage (Main Memory) : RAM : Stores data temporarily for quick access. Data is lost when the computer shuts down. ROM (Read-Only Memory) : Holds permanent instructions for booting the computer. Secondary Storage : Hard Drives (HDD) : Mechanical storage devices for long-term data storage. Solid State Drives (SSD) : Faster than HDDs, with no moving parts. CDs/DVDs : Optical storage media for storing data. Memory Cards/Flash Drives : Portable storage devices used for transferring data.

22. e. Computer Ports Ports are physical interfaces where devices connect to the computer. Common Ports : USB (Universal Serial Bus) : Connects external devices like keyboards, mice, storage devices. HDMI (High-Definition Multimedia Interface) : Connects high-definition video and audio devices like monitors and TVs. VGA (Video Graphics Array) : Older standard for video output. Ethernet : For wired internet connections. Audio Jacks : For connecting headphones, microphones, and speakers

23. 6. Classification of Computer Software Software is a collection of data or computer instructions that tell the computer how to work. System Software : Operating System (OS) : Manages hardware and software resources (e.g., Windows, macOS, Linux). Utility Programs : Perform maintenance tasks (e.g., antivirus software, disk cleanup). Application Software : Designed to perform specific tasks for users (e.g., Microsoft Word for word processing, Excel for spreadsheets). Firmware : Specialized software embedded into hardware components (e.g., BIOS firmware on motherboards)

24. 7. Operating System Functions The operating system (OS) is essential for running the computer. Key functions include: User Interface : Allows users to interact with the computer (Graphical User Interface - GUI, or Command-Line Interface - CLI). Resource Management : Manages CPU, memory, and storage resources. File Management : Handles file storage, retrieval, and organization. Task Management : Controls how tasks (applications) run and share system resources. Device Management : Manages the connection and communication between hardware devices (printers, monitors, etc.).

25. 8. Turning a Computer On and Off Turning On : Press the power button. The computer performs a POST (Power-On Self Test) to check hardware functionality. The bootloader starts the operating system. The OS loads, and the computer is ready for use. Turning Off : Always use the OS shutdown process (e.g., from the Start menu in Windows). Avoid forced shutdowns unless necessary, as they can lead to data corruption

26. 9. Mouse Use Techniques Clicking : Pressing and releasing the left mouse button to select items. Double-Clicking : Quickly pressing the left button twice to open files or applications. Right-Clicking : Opens context menus with additional options. Dragging and Dropping : Holding the left button while moving the mouse to drag items. Scroll Wheel : Used to navigate through long pages or documents.

27. 10. Keyboard Parts and Use Techniques The keyboard consists of several key types: Alphanumeric Keys : Letters and numbers. Function Keys (F1–F12) : Perform specific tasks, often depending on the application in use. Control Keys : Includes Ctrl, Alt, and Shift, used in combination with other keys to perform shortcuts. Navigation Keys : Arrow keys, Home, End, Page Up, and Page Down, used for moving the cursor. Numeric Keypad : A separate set of numbers for quick entry

28. Common Keyboard Shortcuts : Ctrl + C : Copy selected text. Ctrl + V : Paste copied text. Ctrl + S : Save a document. Alt + Tab : Switch between open applications

29. 11. Desktop Customization and File Management Desktop Customization : Adjust the appearance of the desktop, including wallpaper, screen resolution, and icon arrangement. File Management : Creating Folders : Organize files in logical groupings. Copying/Moving Files : Use drag-and-drop or shortcuts (e.g., Ctrl + C, Ctrl + X). Renaming Files : Right-click the file and select Rename . Deleting Files : Move files to the Recycle Bin , which allows for recovery if deleted by mistake.

30. 12. Internet Connection Options Mobile Networks/Data Plans : Connect through cellular data (e.g., 4G, 5G) using a SIM card. Wireless Hotspots : Public Wi-Fi networks for internet access. Cabled Connections (Ethernet/Fiber) : Wired connections offering high-speed and stable internet. Dial-Up : Older technology that uses telephone lines, rarely used today. 5. Satellite : Internet connection through satellites, typically in remote areas

31. 13. Managing External Devices Connecting Devices : Use the appropriate port (USB, HDMI, etc.) to connect devices like printers, external drives, or keyboards. Device Controls : Adjust settings such as volume for speakers or resolution for monitors through the OS control panel.