Digital signature

Complete Explanation on Digital Signature and it's Working

1. Digital Signature By Abdullah Khosa

2. Group No. 1 Name Muhammad Abdullah Fahad Altaf Kaleem Abbas Imran Iqbal Roll No. 02 08 31 36

3. What is a Digital Signature? The digital signature is simply a small block of data that is attached to documents you sign. It is generated from your digital ID, which includes both a private and public key. The private key is used to apply the signature to the document, while the public key is sent with the file. The public key contains  encrypted  code, also called a "hash," that verifies your identity.

4. Characteristics of Digital signature Authenticity:    The digital signature helps ensure that the signer is whom he or she claims to be. This helps prevent others from pretending to be the originator of a particular document. Integrity     The digital signature helps ensure that the content has not been changed or tampered with since it was digitally signed. This helps prevent documents from being intercepted and changed without knowledge of the originator of the document.

5. Characteristics of Digital signature Non-repudiation     The digital signature helps prove to all parties the origin of the signed content. "Repudiation" refers to the act of a signer's denying any association with the signed content. This helps prove that the originator of the document is the true originator and not someone else, regardless of the claims of the signer. A signer cannot repudiate the signature on that document without repudiating his or her digital key, and therefore other documents signed with that key .

6. How Digital Signature Works Applying the Signature First, You click "sign", a unique digital fingerprint (called a Hash) of the document is created using a mathematical algorithm. This hash is specific to this particular document; even the slightest change would result in a different hash.

7. How Digital Signature Works Second, The hash is encrypted using the signer's Private Key. The encrypted hash and the signer's public key are combined into a digital signature, which is appended to the document .

8. How Digital Signature Works Verifying the Signature When you open the document in a digital signature-capable program (e.g., Adobe Reader, Microsoft Office), the program automatically uses the signer's public key (which was included in the digital signature with the document) to decrypt (the process of taking encoded or encrypted text or other data and converting it back into text that you or the computer can read and understand) the document hash.

9. How Digital Signature Works Second, The program calculates a new hash for the document. If this new hash matches the decrypted hash, the program knows the document has not been altered and displays messaging alone the lines of, "The document has not been modified since this signature was applied.“ The program also validates that the public key used in the signature belongs to the signer and displays the signer's name.

10. Examples of Verified Signatures Example digital signature in Microsoft Word Example digital signature in Adobe Acrobat

11. Use of Digital Signature in An Organization The Architecture , Engineering and Construction ( AEC ) industry

12. Before Using Digital Signature by Organization "A typical $100m building project generates 150,000 separate documents: technical drawings, legal contracts, purchase orders, requests for information, and schedules.” Even if only a quarter of them had to be signed, and given the type of documents that seems like a conservative guess, that’s still 37,500 documents - for a single project.

13. Before Using Digital Signature by Organization "It can cost up to 31 times the original cost to send information on paper (printing, copying, postage, storage, filing, recycling, etc.)." "The AEC industry spends an estimated $500 million or more each year moving plans from one discipline to another via such courier services as FedEx." It takes a long time to print out the document, track down the necessary signer, and then scan and email or mail the document to the recipient .

14. After Using Digital Signature by Organization After using Digital Signature, that a stack of paper is high as a huge Bundle could be saved every month. Anyone can sign a document from his/her own place without any delay. It decreases the cost. It raises productivity, helps to reduce our impact on environment and establishes a uniform digital market.

15. After Using Digital Signature by Organization After using Digital Signature, just one Mail can change the plans and the planner who is far away can send signed documents with 100% verification of being signed by him/herself. It can save cost and time as well and saves company from any Fakeness. By implementing a seamless Digital Signature could compress schedules by as much as 10 percent . Reducing document delivery time was one of the main reasons our Organization implemented digital signatures.

16. Is the digital Signature bringing about the end of handwritten signature? Conclusion about the Future of D.S

17. Digital Signature’s Importance Digital signatures are more complicated . They take security a step further, using cryptography as well as registration and verification by a certifying authority. Digital Signatures are used by businesses and government agencies to improve efficiency of transactions and agreements, and are usually linked to a user's online profile. T echnology expert, Paul Wallbank told: " Increasingly we're going to be signing things electronically. It's becoming harder and harder for government agencies to deal with the amount of paperwork we're generating so we have to go digital .”

18. Hand written signature’s importance Mr. McLeod said: "Many people are attached to their signature , he said. Numbers , I don't think we're as attached to yet .” "For a long time, making your mark carried a lot of weight, like this is my promise, I sign here, this is my signature and I'm committing to this. Whereas numbers I don't think they have that emotional connection . People get a feeling from handwriting and people get some sort of sense of the real person . There is an elegance and a romance attached to handwriting that computerized printouts will never have."

19. Conclusion about the Future of D.S Digital Signatures are Secure, reducing paper usage, cutting costs and speeding up document delivery. Some people are emotionally attached with their handwritten signatures but it’s difficult to save records of handwritten signatures. So, Digital signatures can completely replace the hand written signatures in near future because the technology is increasing day by day and the security issues are also increasing with technology so in this sense the documents should be secured with Digital technology like Digital Signature.

20. Advantages and Disadvantages of D.S Advantages Identification of the person that signs. The author cannot be denied of his work (he created and sent ). Elimination of possibility of committing fraud by an imposter. Cutting costs. Speeds up document delivery . Disadvantages The primary avenue for any business: money. Lost or theft of keys and the use of vulnerable storage facilities. There is a strong need of a standard through which these different methods (keys) can interact.