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A digital signature is a cryptographic technique used to validate the authenticity and integrity of digital messages or documents. It employs asymmetric encryption, where a pair of keys (private and public) are generated. The sender signs the document with their private key, creating a unique signature that is mathematically linked to the document’s contents. This signature can be verified by the recipient using the sender’s public key. If the document is altered in any way, the signature will no longer match, alerting the recipient to the tampering.

Digital signatures offer a higher level of security compared to traditional handwritten signatures, ensuring non-repudiation, data integrity, and authentication in digital communications. They are widely used in various sectors, including finance, legal, and government, to streamline processes and enhance trust in electronic transactions. Additionally, digital signatures comply with international standards, such as the Public Key Infrastructure (PKI), ensuring their acceptance and validity across different platforms and jurisdictions.

In practice, digital signatures enhance the efficiency of digital workflows by eliminating the need for physical document handling and reducing the time required for approvals and authorizations. They also support environmental sustainability by reducing paper usage. As cyber threats continue to evolve, the role of digital signatures in safeguarding sensitive information becomes increasingly critical, making them an indispensable tool in modern digital security frameworks.

1. 1
Digital Signature
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2. Digital Signature
•1. Digital Signature is a type of electronic signature
that encrypts documents with digital codes that are
particularly difficult to duplicate
•2. In case of digital signature message is encrypted
with the private key and decrypted with the public
key.

4. On BOB

5. On FRANK side

7. DigitalSignatureAlgorithm
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9. At Sender Side
•1. Message digest is generated using a set of Hash functions.
•2. A message digest is encrypted using senders private key.
•3. The resulting encrypted message is known as digital
signature.
•4. Digital signature is attached with data or message and send
to receiver.

10. At Receiver Side
1. Receiver uses senders public key to decrypt senders digital
signature to obtain message digest send by receiver.
2. Receiver uses same message digest algorithm, which is used
by sender
3. Now, receiver will compare these two message digest
4. If message digest are equal then signature is valid else not.

11. Advantages
•Authentication:
–Identification of person sign.
•Integrity od data:
–Every change is detected.
•Non Repudiation:
–Author has encrypted sign on message.
•Speed:
–Contracts are easily written, completed, and signed by all
concerned parties in a little amount of time no matter how far the
parties are geographically.

12. Disadvantages
•Expiry
•Certificate issue procedures
•Software compatibility
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