DigitalTwin_Elanji_Jeju_General description.pptx

Digital Twin

1. A Feasibility Study on Digital Twins in Livestock Production 1 st International workshop on The Global Innovations in Smart Agriculture: Mitigating Climate Change and Advancing Sustainability Presented by, Arulmozhi Elanchezhian , Smart Space Sensing Lab. Department of Bio-Systems Engineering, Gyeongsang National University. Supervised by, Prof. Kim Hyeon Tae, Date: 21, Dec. 2023.

2. TABLE OF CONTENTS 2 SMART SPACE SENSING LAB. (SSSL)

3. 3 SMART SPACE SENSING LAB. (SSSL) The flow of information between physical asset, digital twin and human users. DIGITAL TWINS – CONCEPT A real-time synchronized virtual representation of a product, process or environment… Across it’s life-cycle”

4. DIGITAL TWINS – GENERAL DESCRIPTION 4 SMART SPACE SENSING LAB. (SSSL) A Digital Twin (also called virtual object) can be defined as ‘ a digital representation of an object , with a unique identification, that can be trusted, possesses the property of integrity, is timely available, and can be used for the intended purpose . At the simplest level, digital twins are realistic virtual representations of a physical entity . This physical entity can be anything from an automobile, windmill, or a manufacturing unit . Sometimes it can even be something as complex as an entire city such as Singapore . A conceptual representation of digital twin technology and its relationship with a physical asset.

5. 5 SMART SPACE SENSING LAB. (SSSL) The flow of information between physical asset, digital twin and human users. DIGITAL TWINS – CONCEPT Automation lifecycle: Observation --> Physical-to-Virtual Interpretation* --> Model Prediction --> Simulation Action --> Virtual-to-Physical * Dependent on use-case

6. 6 SMART SPACE SENSING LAB. (SSSL) To better understand the concept behind digital twins , it is necessary to examine the origins of digital twins and how the concept has evolved to date . As early as 1993 , in his book Mirror Worlds, David Gelernter wrote about the possibility of software models that represent some chunk of reality. NASA was one of the first organizations that used complex simulations of spacecrafts . In 1970 , the Apollo 13 mission was probably one of the first real-world applications of a digital twin. Digital twins were not a familiar concept back in 1970 . Even so, this specific example met several key characteristics of a digital twin. John Vickers of NASA first coined the term “digital twin” in 2002. Around the same time, the research professor Dr Michael Grieves worked with Vickers to adapt the concept of digital twins as a way to improve product lifecycle management (PLM) in the manufacturing sector. Several key advances across technologies, such as the Internet of Things (IoT), big data, and real-time sensors , have driven costs down . Recent research by Markets estimated the digital twins market at USD 3.8 billion in 2019 . It also projected that this market would grow almost nine-fold to reach USD 35.8 billion in market value by 2025. DIGITAL TWINS – TIMELINE

7. 8 SMART SPACE SENSING LAB. (SSSL) Industry Sector Digital Twin Types and Advantages Boeing Aero Manufacturing The digital twin asset development model has shown a 40% quality improvement in first-time parts/systems to deliver enhanced productivity gains. Halliburton Oil Field Service Using different sensors to capture different dimensions of data while drilling oil wells. Uses this with virtual models to make drilling more efficient. Dassault Software Using digital twins for various parts of the human body, thus, helping people benefit from less invasive and more personalized medical interventions. Unilever Fast Moving Consumer Goods Creating virtual models of its factories to track and improve key factory performance parameters and production variables. Helped save USD 2.8 million. Royal Dutch Shell Oil and Gas Using digital twins to design and recreate realistic real-time models of valuable assets. As a result, are able to reduce maintenance costs, as well as downtime. Bridgestone Tire Manufacturer Experimenting with real-time data from tire sensors to improve precision safety systems. DIGITAL TWINS – PRACTICAL IMPLEMENTATIONS

8. DIGITAL TWINS 9 SMART SPACE SENSING LAB. (SSSL)

9. DIGITAL TWINS IN LIVESTOCK - FRAMEWORK 10 SMART SPACE SENSING LAB. (SSSL)

10. DIGITAL TWINS IN LIVESTOCK - FRAMEWORK 11 SMART SPACE SENSING LAB. (SSSL)

11. DIGITAL TWINS IN LIVESTOCK 12 SMART SPACE SENSING LAB. (SSSL) Although digital twin technology in animal husbandry is still in its infancy , the use of precision livestock farming (PLF) has taken advantage of the current technology to improve the management of animal welfare and therefore, the production of animal products. Increasing demands for automation in the livestock industry coupled with surging labor costs are driving the trend towards PLF. The market for PLF is expected to grow robustly: from USD 3.1 billion in 2020 to USD 4.8 billion in 2025 . The demonstrated unique ways of solving problems in the animal agriculture industry through PLF open up pathways for implementing digital twin technology in livestock farms. Wearable animal sensors , a key tool for digital twin technology development

12. DIGITAL TWINS IN LIVESTOCK - POSSIBILITIES 13 SMART SPACE SENSING LAB. (SSSL) Thermal infrared sensors Respiratory rate sensors Immunosensors that can study the saliva and sweat to provide an assessment of hormones , such as cortisol and lactate, in animal biological fluids. Photoplethysmography (PPG) uses infrared lights to detect changes in blood volume in the microvascular bed of tissue. A noseband sensor also known as the Rumi Watch that monitors eating and ruminating activities in dairy cows can help farmers to identify and manage stressed animals . Accelerometers use electromechanical signals to measure acceleration forces when an animal moves . Pedometers can objectively measure the total number of steps that each animal takes in a day and calculate the total distance it has covered using an algorithm. They can help identify lameness and stress. There is the possibility of using these sensors and several more in combination with each other to sense multiple points of stress, disease or physical pain .

13. DIGITAL TWINS IN LIVESTOCK - POSSIBILITIES 14 SMART SPACE SENSING LAB. (SSSL) Emotional and Mental States of Animals : By examining things such as ear position and eye regions present in the virtual model, farmers can better predict animal behavior, anticipate livestock stress, and observe early signs of pain and disease . Energy Management of a Pigsty : By generating a digital twin of a pigsty before actual construction, farmers can test the effectiveness of windows, fans, and heaters in creating optimal conditions . Case Study: Using simulations in EnergyPlus and an actual commercial pigsty in Korea , researchers created a digital twin to determine the most energy-efficient fans to install .

14. DIGITAL TWINS IN LIVESTOCK - POSSIBILITIES 15 SMART SPACE SENSING LAB. (SSSL) Understanding the Growth and Development of Dairy Animals: Digital twins of dairy cows can be used to better understand the stages of animal growth and development from calf to adult. Multi-agent technology platforms combine sensor and longitudinal data to develop phenotypic traits of animals. AI-Based Computer Vision to Monitor Livestock Augmented Reality Compares Anticipated and Actual Animal Behavior: By observing the activity of pigs and chickens and recording vital signs through sensor technology, farmers can design novel solutions using digital twins to anticipate and prevent damaging behaviors, such as tail biting and feather pecking . High-Tech Pedometers Detect Heat Cycles for Breeding: FIWARE Accelerators Smart Agri-Food and Fractals

15. DIGITAL TWINS IN LIVESTOCK - INDUSTRIES 16 SMART SPACE SENSING LAB. (SSSL) Case Sector Objects Website Dairy Monitor ( Connecterra , NL) Heat detection, health analysis and location services Dairy cattle http:// www.connecterra.io Open PD ( Espiral Pixel, PT) Identification of plant pests and diseases Crops http://www.openpd.eu INSYLO ( Ubikwa Systems, SP) Stock monitoring of feed silos of livestock farms and optimization of the replenishment Feed Silos www.insylo.com FarmTelemetry ( Lesprojekt , CZ) Fleet management, tracking machinery and energy monitoring Farm equipment https://www.lesprojekt.cz/?page_id=1415&lang=en OLIFLY ( HarphaSea , SI) Monitoring of olive fly occurrence and expanding Olive trees https://www.lesprojekt.cz/?page_id=1416&lang=en BeeZon (GR) Apiary monitoring to identify diseases, pest infection, pesticide exposure and toxicity Bee colonies www.beezon.gr

16. DIGITAL TWINS IN LIVESTOCK - POTENTIAL APPLICATION AREAS 17 SMART SPACE SENSING LAB. (SSSL) DATAMATION—Digital Twin Animal Emotions : Sensor data collected through bio-feedback systems and will be a system for predicting and classifying farm animal emotions using generative adversarial network classifiers . The deep generative model will allow the synthesis of realistic data samples to enable automated emotion recognition . This emotion-aware digital twin system is aimed at increasing the welfare of animals through visual feedback and aims to provide critical insights into realistic implementations in enhancing animal welfare Gaining Insights on Specific Livestock Conditions : Several parameters, such as pregnancy hormones, body temperature , the quality and quantity of feed intake , and the composition of various gases in the animal sheds , can act as reliable indicators. Detecting the Early Onset of Important Livestock Diseases: Optimizing Livestock Feed Intakes: Digital twins can help to simulate changes in feed composition and run what-if scenarios to find out optimal feed intake strategies for a farm

17. DIGITAL TWINS IN LIVESTOCK - ADVANTAGES 18 SMART SPACE SENSING LAB. (SSSL) Now: • Real-time monitoring • Consolidated view I.e. data sources and models • Feedback  Automation and decision support • Simulation  Prediction and optimization Future: • Full farm mentoring • Sustainability • Traceability

18. DIGITAL TWINS IN LIVESTOCK - ADVANTAGES 19 SMART SPACE SENSING LAB. (SSSL) Reduces Costs Reduces Risks Reduces complexity Improves after-sales service Improves efficiency Improves maintenance decisions Improves security Improves safety and reliability Improves manufacturing processes Enhances flexibility and competitiveness

19. DIGITAL TWINS IN LIVESTOCK - CHALLENGES 20 SMART SPACE SENSING LAB. (SSSL) High Switching Costs Knowledge Gap: While new technologies such as digital twins offer new opportunities to care for animals remotely, farmers may be reluctant to change their age-old practices primarily because they have already invested a lot of time, effort, and money into the old way of rearing animals nearby Unknown Risks: Nature/Climate change, Droughts, disease outbreaks, policy changes, or even changes in market demand Lack of Concrete Evidence Low Return-on-Investment Sustainability Time consuming Complex biological systems/ Behaviour are complex to modeling

20. DIGITAL TWINS IN LIVESTOCK - SUMMERY 21 SMART SPACE SENSING LAB. (SSSL) Data, data, data, data! Digital Twins provide a framework to: Understand dynamic systems Model real-world Entities Mirror them in real-time across their entire life Provide a feedback loop

21. 22 SMART SPACE SENSING LAB. (SSSL)