Disaster Management- 22.02.2023.ppt

“A serious disruption of the functioning of a community or a society involving widespread human, material, economic or environmental losses and impacts, which exceed the ability of the affected community or society to cope using its own resources”

Hazard
“It is a dangerous, phenomenon, substance, human activity, or condition that may cause loss of life, injury or other health impacts, property damage, loss of livelihoods and services, social and economic disruption, or environmental damage”

1.Geophysical
a) Earthquake
b) Volcano
c) Tsunami
2.Hydrological
a) Flood
b) Landslides
c) Wave action
3.Meteorological
a) Cyclone, Strom
b) cold wave
c) Extreme temperature, fog frost
d) Lighting, heavy rain
e) Sand- storm, dust storm
f) Snow, ice, Winter storm
4. Climatological
Drought
Extreme hot/ cold conditions
Forest wildfire
d) Glacial lake outburst
5. Biological
a) Epidemics :
Viral, bacterial , Parasitic, fungal or prion infections
b) Insect infestations

There are three fundamental aspects of disaster management.
Disaster Response
Disaster Preparedness
Disaster Mitigation

Primary phase - 0 to 6 hours
Secondary phase - 6 to 24 hours
Tertiary phase - after 24 hours
The Management of Mass casualties can be further divided into:
Search and Rescue
First aid
Triage and stabilization of victims
Hospital treatment and Redistribution of Patients to other hospitals

After a major disaster:

Most immediate help comes from the uninjured survivals.

Organized relief services will meet only a small fraction of the demand
Bed availability and surgical services should be maximized.

Provision for food and shelter.

A centre to respond to inquiries from patients relatives and friends.

Priority should be given to victims identification and adequate mortuary space should be provided.
Triage
The principle of “First come ,First treated”, is not followed in mass emergencies.

Higher priority is granted to victims whose immediate or long-term prognosis can be dramatically affected by simple intensive care.

Moribund patients who require a great deal of attention , with questionable benefit, have the lowest priority.
Tagging
All the patients should be identified with tags stating their name ,age , place of origin ,triage category , diagnosis and initial treatment.
Removal of the dead from the disaster scene.
Shifting to the mortuary.
Identification.
Reception of bereaved relatives.
Proper respect for the dead is of great importance.
The type and quantity of humanitarian relief supplies are usually determined by two main factors.


1) The type of disaster.

2) The type and quantity of supplies available locally.

1. 1

2. DISASTER MANAGEMENT
Dr. V. PragadeeshRaja
Assistant Professor
Department of Community Medicine
SSSMCRI
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3. Specific Learning Objectives
At the end of this session students able to
1.Define the disaster
2.Describe the steps in disaster cycle
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4. Definition
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Disaster
“Aseriousdisruptionofthefunctioningofa
communityorasocietyinvolvingwidespread
human,material,economicorenvironmentallosses
andimpacts,whichexceedtheabilityoftheaffected
communityorsocietytocopeusingitsown
resources”

5. Hazard
“Itisadangerous,phenomenon,substance,human
activity,orconditionthatmaycauselossoflife,
injuryorotherhealthimpacts,propertydamage,loss
oflivelihoodsandservices,socialandeconomic
disruption,orenvironmentaldamage”
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6. Types of Disasters
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A. Natural Hazards
B. Human induced

7. Natural Hazards
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1.Geophysical
a) Earthquake
b) Volcano
c) Tsunami
2.Hydrological
a) Flood
b) Landslides
c) Wave action
3.Meteorological
a) Cyclone, Strom
b) cold wave
c) Extreme temperature,
fog frost
d) Lighting, heavy rain
e) Sand-storm, dust storm
f) Snow, ice, Winter storm

8. Natural Hazards
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4. Climatological
a)Drought
b)Extreme hot/ cold
conditions
c)Forest wildfire
d) Glacial lake outburst
5. Biological
a) Epidemics:
Viral, bacterial , Parasitic,
fungal or prion infections
b) Insect infestations

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10. Human Induced
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1.Industrialization
2.Accidents
3.Chemical, radiological and nuclear
4.Warfare
5.Terrorist activities

11. Disaster Management
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12. Disaster Management
There are three fundamental aspects of disaster
management.
Disaster Response
Disaster Preparedness
Disaster Mitigation
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13. Disaster Cycle
Disaster
Impact
Response
Rehabilitation
Reconstruction
Mitigation
Preparedness
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Recovery Phase
Risk Reduction
Phase
After Disaster Before Disaster

14. Emergency response
•Primary phase -0 to 6 hours
•Secondary phase -6 to 24 hours
•Tertiary phase -after 24 hours
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15. Disaster impact and Response
The Management of Mass casualties can be
further divided into:
Search and Rescue
First aid
Triageand stabilization of victims
Hospital treatment and Redistribution of Patients
to other hospitals
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16. Search, Rescue and First Aid
After a major disaster:
Most immediate help comes from the uninjured survivals.
Organized relief services will meet only a small fraction
of the demand.
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17. Field Care
•Bed availability and surgical services should be
maximized.
•Provision for food and shelter.
•A centreto respond to inquiries from patients relatives
and friends.
•Priority should be given to victims identification and
adequate mortuary space should be provided.
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18. Triage
Theprincipleof“Firstcome,Firsttreated”,isnot
followedinmassemergencies.
Higherpriorityisgrantedtovictimswhoseimmediateor
long-termprognosiscanbedramaticallyaffectedby
simpleintensivecare.
Moribundpatientswhorequireagreatdealofattention,
withquestionablebenefit,havethelowestpriority.
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19. Triageshouldbecarriedoutat
thesiteofdisaster,inorderto
determine transportation
priority,andadmissiontothe
hospitalortreatmentcenter
wherethepatient’sneedsand
priorityofmedicalcarewillbe
reassessed.
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Triage-Continued

20. Tagging
All the patients should be identified with tags stating their
name ,age , place of origin ,triage category , diagnosis and
initial treatment.
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21. Identification of Dead
1.Removal of the dead from the disaster scene.
2.Shifting to the mortuary.
3.Identification.
4.Reception of bereaved relatives.
Proper respect for the dead is of great importance.
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22. Relief Phase
Thetypeandquantityofhumanitarianreliefsuppliesare
usuallydeterminedbytwomainfactors.
1)Thetypeofdisaster.
2)Thetypeandquantityofsuppliesavailablelocally.
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23. Relief Phase-Continued
•Immediatelyfollowingthedisasterthemostcritical
healthsuppliesarethoseneededfortreatingcausalities
,andpreventingthespreadofcommunicablediseases.
•Followingtheinitialemergencyphase,neededsupplies
willincludefood,blankets,clothing's,shelter,sanitary
engineeringequipmentandconstructionmaterial.
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24. There are four principle components in managing
humanitarian supplies:
a .Acquisition of supplies.
b .Transportation.
c .Storage.
d .Distribution.
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25. Disease Control
Theprincipalsofpreventingandcontrollingcommunicable
diseasesafteradisasterareto:
a)Implementassoonaspossibleallpublichealthmeasures,
toreducetheriskofdiseasetransmission.
b)Organizeareliablediseasereportingsystemtoidentify
outbreaksandtopromptlyinitiatecontrolmeasures.
c)Investigateallreportsofdiseaseoutbreaksrapidly.
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26. Vaccination
WHOdoesnotrecommendtyphoidandcholeravaccinein
routineuseinendemicareas.
1.Largenumberofworkers
2.Sterilization
3.Largenumberofdoses
Howeverthesevaccinationsarerecommendedforhealth
workers
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27. Nutrition
The immediate step for ensuring that the food relief
programmewill be effective include :
a .Assessing the food supplies after the disaster.
b .Gauging the nutritional needs of the affected population.
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28. Nutrition-Continued
c.Calculatingdailyfoodrationsandneedforlargepopulation
groups.
d.Monitoringthenutritionalstatusoftheaffectedpopulation
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29. Rehabilitation
•Thefinalphaseinadisastershouldleadtorestorationof
thepre-disasterconditions.
•Infirstweeksafterdisasterthepatternofhealthneeds
willchangerapidly,movingfromcausalitytreatmentto
moreroutineprimaryhealthcare.
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30. Water Supply
The main public safety aspect of water quality is
microbial contamination.
Chlorination is best way of disinfecting water.
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31. Food Safety
Personal hygiene should be monitored in individuals
involved in food preparation and kitchen sanitation
is of utmost importance.
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32. Basic Sanitation and Personal Hygiene
Emergency latrines should be made available to the
displaced.
Washing,cleaningandbathingfacilitiesshouldbe
providedtothedisplacedpeople.
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33. Vector Control
Controlprogrammesforvector-bornediseasesshouldbe
intensifiedintheemergencyandrehabilitationperiodin
endemicareas.
Denguefeverandmalaria(mosquitoes)
Leptospirosisandrat-bitefever(rats)
Typhus(liceandfleas)
Plague(fleas)
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34. Disaster Mitigation in Health Sector
Emergencypreventionandmitigationinvolvesmeasures
designedeithertopreventhazardsfromcausingemergency
ortolessenthelikelyeffectsofemergencies.
Medicalcasualtiescanbereduceddrasticallybyimproving
thestructuralqualityofhouses,schoolsandotherpublic
andprivatebuildings.
Mitigationcomplimentsthedisasterpreparednessand
disasterresponseactivities.
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35. Disaster Preparedness
Toensurethatappropriatesystems,proceduresand
resourcesareinplacetoprovideprompteffective
assistancetodisastervictimsthusfacilitatingrelief
measuresandrehabilitationofservices.
Community members, resources, organizations and
administration should be the cornerstone of an emergency
preparedness programme.
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Thank you