Disaster Management Introduction & Classification

Introduction
Definition
Classification & Types of Disasters
Disaster Management
Disaster Preparedness
Medical and Public Health Response
Public Health Impact of Disaster
Disaster Mitigation
Recent Disasters in India
Disaster Management in India
Areas of Concerns and Future

1. Dhruv Saxena Assistant Professor (TEQIP-NPIU)

2. Scope Introduction Definition Classification & Types of Disasters Disaster Management Disaster Preparedness Medical and Public Health Response Public Health Impact of Disaster Disaster Mitigation Recent Disasters in India Disaster Management in India Areas of Concerns and Future References 2

3. Scope Disasters are as old as Mankind. The first description of Disaster and its management comes from mythological “Noah” and his ark. Similar Flood tales are widespread in- Greek Mythology, Puranas, Mesopotamian stories, and many cultures. Introduction 3

4. Introduction Etymology Originated from Greek dus = bad aster = star Calamity due to position of a planet or a star. Then evolved in Italian as disastro, To become French désastre (de.zast ʁ ). & then disaster . 4

5. Definition 5 Disaster - Any occurrence that causes damage, ecological disruption, loss of human life, deterioration of health and health services on a scale, sufficient to warrant an extraordinary response from outside the affected community or area. (WHO) . A disaster can be defined as an occurrence either nature or man made that causes human suffering and creates human needs that victim cannot alleviate without assistance. (American Red Cross) Dhruv Saxena, Asst. Professor (TEQIP-NPIU )

6. Definition 6 Hazard - A n y phen o menon th a t ha s the potential to cause disruption or damage to people and their environment. “A hazard is natural event while the disaster is its consequence. A hazard is perceived natural event which threatens both life and property… A disaster is a realization of this hazard.” -John Whittow When hazard involves elements of risks, vulnerabilities and capacities, they can turn into disasters. Hazards may be inevitable but disasters can be prevented. Dhruv Saxena, Asst. Professor (TEQIP-NPIU )

7. Vulnerability Capacity to cope High Low Low High Vulnerability V ery l o w Low Exposure to Hazard H i gh Low 7 The propensity of things to be damaged by a hazard. Dhruv Saxena, Asst. Professor (TEQIP-NPIU )

8. Disaster occurs when hazards meet vulnerability Progression of vulnerability Root causes Dynamic pressures Unsafe conditions Limited Access to - Power Structure R esources Ideologie s - Political - s y stem Econo m ic - system Lack of – Local institutes Training Appropriate skills Local investment Local market Media freedom Ethical standards in public life Macro forces- Rapid population growth Rapid urbanization Arms expenditure Debt repayments Deforestation Decline in soil productivity Fragile physical environment Dangerous locations Unprotected buildings & infrast r u c t u re Fragile local - economy Livelihoods at risk Low income levels Vulnerable society Special groups at risk Public actions Lack of prepared n e s s Endemic disease Earthquake High winds H urri c ane Cyclone T y phoon Flood Volcanic - erupt ion s Landslides Drought Virus Bacteria Pests Fire Chemicals Radiation Armed - conflicts Hazards NOT PREVENTED Dhruv Saxena, Asst. Professor (TEQIP-NPIU )

9. C l a s s i f i c a t i o n o f D i s a s t e r s 9 Natural Dis a s t e r s Meteorologic a l T o p o g r a p h i c al En v iro n mental Man made Disasters T e c hnological Industrial W arfare Dhruv Saxena, Asst. Professor (TEQIP-NPIU )

10. Met eoro l og i cal Disasters Floods Tsunami Cyclone Hurricane Typhoon Snow storm Blizzard Hail storm T op o graph i cal Disasters Earthquake Volcanic Erupti o ns Landslides and A va l anc h es Asteroids Limnic eruptions E n vironmental Disasters Global w a r m i n g El Niño- Southern Oscil l ation Ozone d e p l eti o n - UVB Radiation Solar flare 10 Dhruv Saxena, Asst. Professor (TEQIP-NPIU )

11. T ec h nologi c al T rans p ort failure Public place failure Fire Ind u strial Ch e mical spills R a dio a ctive spills W arfare 11 War Terrorism Internal c o nflicts Civil unrest CBRNE Dhruv Saxena, Asst. Professor (TEQIP-NPIU )

12. Disaster Management 12 The body of policy and administrative decisions and operational activities that pertain to various stages of a disaster at all levels. An applied science which seeks, by systemic observation and analysis of disasters, to improve measures relating to prevention, emergency response, recovery and mitigation . Encompasses all aspects of planning for, and responding to disasters, including both pre and post disaster activities. Dhruv Saxena, Asst. Professor (TEQIP-NPIU )

13. Disaster Management 13 A continuous and integrated process of planning, organizing, coordinating and implementing measures which are necessary or expedient for- Prevention of danger or threat of any disaster. Re d uct io n of r isk of a ny di s as t er o r its se v er i ty or consequences. Capacity-building. Preparedness to deal with any disaster. Pr o mpt r e sp onse t o a ny t h re at e n ing di s as t er sit u a t io n or disaster. Asses s ing t h e s e v er i ty or m ag ni t ud e of e f f e cts of any disaster. Evacuation, rescue and relief. Rehabilitation and reconstruction. Dhruv Saxena, Asst. Professor (TEQIP-NPIU )

14. Disaster management continuum 14 PROACTIVE STRATEGY F U ND A M EN T A L OF PROMPT & EFFECTIVE RESPONSE HOLISTIC AND CON T INUOS PROCESS I n cid e n t Dhruv Saxena, Asst. Professor (TEQIP-NPIU )

15. PHASES OF DISASTER MANAGEMENT 15 Disaster Preparedness Disaster Impact Disaster Response Disaster Recovery Disaster Mitigation Dhruv Saxena, Asst. Professor (TEQIP-NPIU )