Disaster Management Module1 Basic level ppt

Module1

1. Module-1 1. Disaster Management Plan (DMP): General. 2. Cyclones and their Hazard Potential: Classification of Low-Pressure Systems Statistics of Cyclonic Storms Over Indian Seas Movement of Cyclones in Indian Seas, Storm Surges.

2. Disaster Management Plan (DMP): General. A disaster is an event that causes serious harm to people, buildings, economies, or the environment, and the affected community cannot handle it alone. Or Disaster is a sudden incident which result in huge loss of life property and environment. Or A Disaster is a threat to Environment and Society. Or A disaster is sudden calamitous event that causes widespread of loss, damage to people or society.

3. Types of Disasters NATURAL DISASTERS, also referred to as natural hazards are extreme,sudden events caused by environmental factors such as storms, floods, droughts, fires, and heatwaves. A man-made disaster is an event that results from human activity, either deliberate or not, that causes significant harm to people, property, or the environment. Man-made disasters can be complex emergencies, famines, displacements, industrial accidents, and transport accidents

4. EarthQuake Definition: An earthquake refers to the shaking of the earth’s surface caused by a sudden release of energy within the earth’s crust. Effects From EarthQuake: Ground shaking: The shaking from an earthquake can cause damage to buildings, especially those on soft ground or with poor construction. Landslides: The shaking from an earthquake can cause landslides, which can damage roads and isolate communities. Tsunamis: In some cases, earthquakes can generate tsunamis, which can cause a series of waves that can reach heights of more than 27 meters (90 feet) when they reach shallow water near the coast. Dam ruptures: Earthquakes can cause dam walls to crack and collapse. Earthquakes can damage bridges, walls, and other infrastructure.

5. Flood Definition: Floods are the most frequent type of natural disaster and occur when an overflow of water submerges land that is usually dry. Floods are often caused by heavy rainfall, rapid snowmelt or a storm surge from a tropical cyclone or tsunami in coastal areas. Effects From Flood: Loss of life: Floods can be deadly. Damage to property and infrastructure: Floods can damage homes, buildings, roads, and bridges. Crop destruction: Floods can destroy crops and livestock. Dam ruptures: Earthquakes can cause dam walls to crack and collapse. Earthquakes can damage bridges, walls, and other infrastructure.

6. Cyclone Definition: A storm or system of winds that rotates about a center of low atmospheric pressure, advances at a speed of 20 to 30 miles (30 to 50 kilometers) an hour, and often brings a great deal of rain . Effects From Cyclone : Damage to infrastructure: Cyclones can damage roads, bridges, power lines, and water supply systems. Flooding: Cyclones can cause heavy flooding, landslides, and river overflows. . Water contamination: Cyclones can cause water contamination that can lead to widespread diseases and health problems. Damage to crops and forests: Cyclones can destroy trees, crops, and big forests.

7. Lightning Definition: Lightning is an atmospheric electrostatic discharge accompanied by thunder which typically occurs during thunderstorms and sometimes during volcanic eruptions or dust storms. . Effects From Lightning: Injuries to people: Lightning can cause serious injuries to the nervous system, including brain and nerve injuries. It can also cause cardiac arrest, severe burns, and respiratory failure. Damage to property: Lightning can destroy structures and cause forest fires, resulting in extensive property damage. It often leads to physical damage to the building and occupants. It can also lead to short circuits, failure of power supply and fire.

8. Fire Definition: Fires in factories are examples of man-made disasters because they are caused by human activity and Forest fires, also known as wildfires, can be considered man-made disasters when they are started by human activities such as unattended campfires, discarded cigarette butts, or deliberate arson. Effects Fire: fires can rapidly spread, destroying large areas of forest, wildlife habitats, and human settlements. Wildfires: Wildfires can cause widespread losses of timber-producing forests, and can release carcinogenic heavy metals into the air. Soil: Fires can alter soil physical properties and hydrology, which can impact plant uptake of nutrients and water.

9. Terrorism Definition: Terrorism is a type of man-made disaster that involves the use of violence or force against people or property. Terrorists often use intimidation, coercion, or ransom as their motives. Such as Bombings, kidnappings, assassinations, hijackings, cyber attacks, threats, chemical, biological, and nuclear weapons Effects Terrorism: Physical injury: Terrorism can cause physical injury, which may require medical care and decontamination. Societal disruption: Terrorism can damage morale and cohesion, erode a sense of community or national security, and open cracks along racial, ethnic, economic, and religious lines. . Psychological trauma: Terrorism can cause distress, behavioral changes, and psychiatric illness. Survivors and responders may experience extreme psychological trauma, especially if the aggressor is unknown. Lack of supplies: Terrorism can cause a lack of food, water, or energy supplies.

10. Power Failure Definition: A power failure, also known as a power cut, power outage or blackout, is a short or long term loss of electric power to an area. It can affect a single house, a building or an entire city, depending on the degree of the damage or cause of the failure. Effects of PowerFailure: Disrupted communication: Power outages can make it difficult to communicate with others, especially if phone lines go down. Food spoilage: Refrigerators and freezers need power to keep food cold, so extended power outages can lead to food spoilage. Medical device issues: Many medical devices require electricity to function properly, so power outages can be dangerous for people who rely on them. Water contamination: If a power outage is caused by flooding or a hurricane, the public water supply could become contaminated.

11. Cyclones and their Hazard Potential: Classification of Low-Pressure Systems Low-pressure systems form when air warms and rises away from the surface, creating a cyclone column and decreasing pressure readings. In the Northern Hemisphere, low-pressure systems rotate counterclockwise, while in the Southern Hemisphere they rotate clockwise. Low-pressure systems can classified as : Siz e : Low-pressure systems can be classified by their size as large, subtropical, or small: Type: Low-pressure systems can also be classified by their type, such as tropical cyclones, mid-latitude cyclones, and thunderstorms: Regio n: Low-pressure systems can also be classified by the region where they form, such as hurricanes, typhoons, and cyclones.

12. Cyclones and their Hazard Potential: Low-pressure systems can classified as: Size Large: Cold-core polar cyclones and extratropical cyclones are the largest low-pressure systems. Subtropical: Subtropical cyclones are of intermediate size. Small: Warm-core cyclones, such as tropical cyclones and mesocyclones, are smaller in size. Type Tropical cyclo nes : These intense systems form over tropical oceans and are characterized by high winds and storm surges. Mid-latitude cyclones: Also known as frontal cyclones, these large systems develop along weather fronts in the mid-latitudes. Thunderstorms: These small-scale low-pressure systems can include tornadoes. Region Hurricanes: These systems form along the Atlantic coasts of North America and Europe. Typhoons: These systems form along the Pacific coasts of East Asia and Pacific Islands. Cyclones: These systems form along the Indian Ocean coasts of South Asia and Australia.

13. Statistics of Cyclonic Storms Over Indian Seas : Number of cyclones: On average, 5–6 tropical cyclones form in the North Indian Ocean each year, with the peak season from May to November. Cyclone paths: Most cyclones move northwest, but often curve northeast or southwest. Cyclone intensity: The likelihood of a depression becoming a cyclone is highest in April, May, and November. Cyclone landfall: In the Arabian Sea, most cyclones dissipate before reaching land, but some hit the west coast of India. In the Bay of Bengal, most cyclones hit Odisha or West Bengal, but some also hit Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu. Cyclone effects: Cyclones can cause loss of life and property, damage to homes and communication systems, and reduced soil fertility. Cyclone frequency: The number of extremely severe cyclones in the North Indian Ocean has increased from 11 in the decades before 2004 to 17 between 2004 and 2023. Cyclone location: The east coast of India is more prone to cyclones, with Odisha being the most likely state to be affected. Cyclone monitoring: The India Meteorological Department (IMD) monitors cyclones using satellite observations, ships, buoys, Doppler Weather Radars, and coastal observatories.

14. Movement of Cyclones in Indian Seas, Storm Surges : Cyclone movement: In the North Indian Ocean, tropical cyclones typically move northwest and then curve northeast or southwest. They are most likely to form between March and June and October and December, with peaks in May and November. Cyclone impact: In the Arabian Sea, most cyclones dissipate before making landfall, but some impact the west coast of India, especially Gujarat and Maharashtra. In the Bay of Bengal, most cyclones hit Odisha or West Bengal, with some also hitting Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu. Storm surges: Storm surges are a rise in sea level that can occur during tropical cyclones, also known as typhoons or hurricanes. They are caused by the strong winds of the storm pushing water toward the shore, which can lead to flooding. Factors that affect the level of a storm surge include the storm's size, wind strength, forward speed, track, central pressure, and location of landfall.