Disaster management ppt

Management of disasters needs a collaborative effort of various departments. So the base is the need to be a build up of an effective team.

1. By:Dr.Meely Panda Junior Resident Dept of Comm.Med PGIMS DISASTER MANAGEMENT

2. CONTENT DEFINITION TYPES OF DISASTER DISASTER RIDDEN HISTORY OF INDIA DISASTER MANAGEMENT & CYCLE CHAPTERS IN DM ACT NDMA NAP NIDM TRIAGE AUDIT OFFENCE ROLE OF DOCTORS IN DM WORKING AGENCIES FUTURE DIRECTIONS

3. DISASTER MANAGEMENT ACT,2005

4. WHO DEFINITION:                            Any occurrence, that causes damage, ecological disruption, loss of human life ,deterioration of health and health services, on a scale sufficient to warrant an extra ordinary response from outside the affected area

5. Hazard is a Phenomena that pose a threat to people, structures, or economic assets and which may cause a disaster. Hazards are natural phenomenon that are a feature of our planet and cannot be prevented . These hazards are termed as disasters when they cause widespread destruction of property and human lives.

6. SOME TERMS Risk: Risk is a measure of the expected losses due to a hazardous event . The level of risk depends on: Nature of the Hazard Vulnerability of the elements which are affected Economic value of those elements Vulnerability: Predisposition of a community, structure, service, and/or geographic area to damage on account of their nature, construction and proximity to hazardous terrain or a disaster prone area”

7. TYPES OF DISASTERS Major natural disasters:     Flood Cyclone Drought Earthquake Minor natural disasters: Cold wave Thunderstorms Heat waves Mud slides Storm Major manmade disaster: Setting of fires Deforestation Pollution due to prawn cultivation Chemical pollution. Wars   Minor manmade disaster: Road / train accidents, riots Food poisoning Industrial disaster/ crisis Environmental pollution        

8. PRONENESS India's Natural Disasters Proneness   On the basis of geographic and climatic considerations, India can be divided into 5 Zones according to its disaster proneness to natural disasters; 1.    Northern mountain region including foot hills ; this region is prone to strong Snow Storms leading to Land slides and strong Cold waves and also is Earthquake prone belt with violent subterranean Volcanic activity. 2.    Indo- gangetic plains ; heavy rains during monsoon make these plains vulnerable to Floods. 3.    Deccan plateau ; a Drought prone area. 4.    The western desert ; a Drought prone area. 5.    Coastal areas ; they are prone to Sea erosion, Cyclones and Tidal waves  

9. India’s Disaster Ridden  History

10. India’s Disaster Ridden  History ·       About 60% of India’s land mass is prone to Earth Quakes. ·       Over 40 million Hectares are prone to Floods. ·       Nearly 3 lakh  sq. km are at risk of Cyclones ·       The Earth quake in Bhuj killed 14,000 people. ·       Between 1995 and 2005 an average of about 3400 people lost their lives annually. ·       About 3 crore people were affected by Disasters every year. ·       About 17,000 people perished by the Tsunami on 26 Dec.04  

11. The two rapidly growing countries in the world - China and India - rank first and second in the number of reported natural disasters. While China witnessed 22 natural disasters, India came second with 16. UN officials: 2009 This is reason enough for Governments to give more priority to Disaster Management.

12. DM ACT 2005-----DISASTER MANAGEMENT

13. Goal “ Sustainable Reduction in Natural Disaster Risk” Objectives Awareness capacity building at all levels Preparedness Creation of knowledge

14. Disaster prevention Permanent protection, particularly natural disasters Eg : Environmental planning and design standards. Disaster preparedness Minimise loss of life and damage. Eg : removing people and property from a threatened location and by facilitating timely and effective rescue, relief and rehabilitation. Main way of reducing the impact of disasters.

15. Disaster relief Reduce the impact of a disaster and its long-term results . Eg : rescue, relocation, providing food and water, preventing disease and disability, repairing vital services such as telecommunications and transport, providing temporary shelter and emergency health care. Disaster recovery Initial crisis is over Eg : rebuilding infrastructure, health care and rehabilitation, building human resources for health and developing policies and practices to avoid similar situations in future.

16. MITIGATION: measures aimed at reducing the risk, impact or effects of a disaster or threatening disaster situation. Structural mitigation Non structural mitigation Earthquake resistant shelters Cyclone resistant shelters Hazard mapping Relief centres Dam / bandh / ring bandh Land use zoning Disaster management training and education Public awareness Community participation Early warning system Insurance

17. CHAPTERS I-----------------X

18. CHAPTER II National Disaster Management Authority. Prime Minister of India, Chairperson of the National Authority. Nine other members to be nominated by the Chairperson of the National Authority. The Chairperson of the National Authority may designate one of the members nominated to be the Vice-Chairperson of the National Authority. NDMA Bhawan , A1 Safdarjung Enclave, New- Delhi, 110029.

19. NATIONAL PLAN P repared by the National Executive Committee In consultation with the State Governments and expert bodies or organisations in the field of disaster management Approved by the National Authority. (a) Prevention of disasters, or the mitigation of their effects (b) Integration of mitigation measures in the development plans (c) Preparedness and capacity building (d) Roles and responsibilities of different Ministries or Departments of the Government of India (e) Reviewed and updated annually. (f) Financing measures to be carried out under the National Plan. (g) Copies of the National Plan made available to the Ministries & Departments shall draw up their own plans in accordance.

20. D-I-S-A-S-T-E-R Paradigm D: Detection I: Incident Command S: Safety & Security A: Assess Hazards S: Support T: Triage & Treatment E: Evacuation R: Recovery

21. D-I-S-A-S-T-E-R Paradigm D: Detection I: Incident Command S: Safety & Security A: Assess Hazards S: Support T: Triage & Treatment E: Evacuation R: Recovery

22. D- I -S-A-S-T-E-R Paradigm Incident Command Unified Command Planning Logistics Operations Finance Thinkers “Getters” “Doers” “Payers” “Commander”

23. IRS FRAMEWORK

24. ICP Incident Command Post (ICP) Location at which the primary command functions are performed. There will only be one ICP for each incident

25. Resources are collected and kept ready for deployment for field operations. These may include things like food,vehicles and other materials and equipment. School, college playgrounds, community halls, cyclone shelters and Panchayat Offices etc may be used as SA.

26. CAMPS Camps are temporary locations within the general incident area which are equipped and staffed to provide rest, food, drinking water and sanitary services to the responders. Can be set up for several days and they may be moved depending upon incident needs while the Incident Base remains at the same location.

27. EOC Offsite facility which will be functioning from the State / District headquarters Augmented control room having communication facilities. Combination of various line departments of Government and other agencies whose services are generally required during incident response.

28. EOC EOC is an offsite facility which will be functioning from the State / Districtheadquarters and which is actually an augmented control room having communication facilities. It is a combination of various line departments of Government and other agencies whose services are generally required during incident response.These officials will be able to take decisions on the spot under the guidance of RO and will be able to assist the RO in achieving the incident objectives. RO will also ensure that the linedepartments do not issue parallel and contradictory instructions to their field level officers.

29. D-I-S- A -S-T-E-R Paradigm Assess Hazards Be Aware of Secondary Devices! Bombs, Shrapnel devices, Incapacitating Devices, Multiple Snipers/Terrorists, Delay Devices

30. D-I-S- A -S-T-E-R Paradigm Assess Hazards Be Aware of Secondary Devices! Bombs, Shrapnel devices, Incapacitating Devices, Multiple Snipers/Terrorists, Delay Devices

31. D-I-S-A- S -T-E-R Paradigm SUPPORT Unexpected Volunteers and Donations: Positive intentions, often negative impact!!!!! Does your preparedness plan include them???? Negatives -- Time to sort large, poorly labeled goods Storage space used Unplanned personnel are a liability At risk of injuries, require food, water and shelter

32. D-I-S-A-S- T -E-R Paradigm TRIAGE

33. CHAPTER III - STATE DISASTER MANAGEMENT AUTHORITIES & THEIR PLAN CHAPTER IV - DISTRICT DISASTER MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY & THEIR PLAN CHAPTER VI - LOCAL AUTHORITIES & THEIR FUNCTIONS

34. CHAPTER V MEASURES BY THE GOVERNMENT FOR DM (a) Coordination of actions of the Ministries or Departments of the Government of India, State Governments, National Authority, StateAuthorities , governmental and non-governmental organisations in relation to disaster management. (b) Ensure integration of measures for prevention of disasters and mitigation by Ministries or Departments of the Government of India into their development plans and projects. (c) Appropriate allocation of funds for prevention of disaster, mitigation, capacity-building and preparedness by the Ministries or Departments of the Government of India. (d) ensure that the Ministries or Departments of the Government of India take necessary measures for preparedness to promptly and effectively respond to any threatening disaster situation or disaster. (e) Cooperation and assistance to State Governments, as requested by them or otherwise deemed appropriate by it.

35. (f) Deployment of naval, military and air forces, other armed forces of the Union or any other civilian personnel as may be required for the purposes of this Act (g) Coordination with the United Nations agencies, international organisations and governments of foreign countries for the purposes of this Act. (h) Establish institutions for research, training, and developmental programmes in the field of disaster management. ( i )Such other matters as it deems necessary for the purpose of securing effective implementation of the provisions of this Act.

36. MINISTRIES FLOODS : Ministry of Water Resources CYCLONES : Indian Meteorological Department EARTHQUAKES : Indian Meteorological Department EPIDEMICS : Ministry of Health and Family Welfare CHEMICAL DISASTERS : Ministry of Environment and Forest INDUSTRIAL DISASTERS: Ministry of Labour RAIL ACCIDENTS : Ministry of Railways AIR ACCIDENTS : Ministry of Civil Aviation FIRE : Ministry of Home Affairs NUCLEAR INCIDENTS : Department of Atomic Energy MINE DISASTERS : Department of Mines

37. CHAPTER VII NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DISASTER MANAGEMENT One of the pioneer institutes under the Ministry of Home Affairs , Govt. of India which has been mandated to promote capacity building interventions in Disaster Risk Management (DRM). Since its inception, the Institute has been proactive in raising the level of awareness and preparedness in dealing with disasters and emergency situations in the country, as well as making DRM education accessible to people across different level of stakeholders. Governing body of the National Institute of Disaster Management which shall be constituted by the Central Government from amongst the members of the National Institute of Disaster Management .

38. NIDM National Institute of Disaster Management (Ministry of Home Affairs) 5B, IIPA Campus, I P Estate M G Road, New Delhi-110002. www.nidm.gov.in/online.asp The key events organized by NIDM during the first quarter of 2012 include Annual training conference , National workshop on sikkim earthquake, National conference & field study on landslide management in Uttarakhand & Joint Indo-Japanese training cum workshop on landslides & disaster management in sikkim .

39. CHAPTER VIII NATIONAL DISASTER RESPONSE FORCE 8 Battalions of National Disaster Response Force (NDRF) are being trained and deployed with CSSR and MFR equipments and tools in eight strategic locations. Haryana state comes under the Ghaziabad battalion.

40. Single Resource includes both personnel and their required equipment to be deployed in a given incident. e.g. a fire tender with the required personnel, an ambulance with the required medical officer,paramedic and driver etc.

41. A Strike Team is a combination of same 'kind’ and type' of Single Resource with a common communication facility and one leader. A Strike Team may be needed when specific type of work, requiring specific expertise and resources are grouped under one leader.

42. A Task Force may be grouped with different 'kinds' and 'types' of Single Resource and despatched under a leader, when a number of different tasks requiring different expertise need to be performed. For example, if a combination of Medical team, Rescue personnel, Fire personnel, Sanitation workers and workers for disposal of dead bodies and animal carcasses is required to be sent to a particular location, the team so constituted will be called a Task force

43. CHAPTER IX- FINANCE, ACCOUNTS & AUDIT National Disaster Response Fund National Disaster Mitigation Fund State Disaster Response Fund District Disaster Response Fund State Disaster Mitigation Fund District Disaster Mitigation Fund

44. CHAPTER IX FINANCE, ACCOUNTS AND AUDIT National Disaster Response Fund.-(1) The Central Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, constitute a fund to be called the National Disaster Response Fund for meeting any threatening disaster situation or disaster and there shall be credited thereto-(a) an amount which the Central Government may, after due appropriation made by Parliament by law in this behalf provide;(b) any grants that may be made by any person or institution for the purpose of disaster management. The National Disaster Response Fund shall be made available to the National Executive Committee to be applied towards meeting the expenses for emergency response, relief and rehabilitation in accordance with the guidelines laid down by the Central Government in consultation with the National Authority. National Disaster Mitigation Fund. The Central Government may by notification in the Official Gazette, constitute a Fund to be calledthe National Disaster Mitigation Fund for projects exclusively for the purpose of mitigation and there shall be credited there to such amount which the Central Government may, after due appropriation made by Parliament by law in this behalf, provide.(2) The National Disaster Mitigation Fund shall be applied by the National Authority. State Disaster Response Fund;(b) the fund to be called the District Disaster Response Fund;(c) the fund to be called the State Disaster Mitigation Fund;(d) the fund to be called the District Disaster Mitigation Fund. Allocation of funds by Ministries and Departments.-(1) EveryMinistry or Department of the Government of India shall makeprovisions , in its annual budget, for funds for the purposes of carrying out the activities and programmes set out in its disaster management plan.(2) The provisions of sub-section (1) shall, mutatis mutandis, apply todepartments of the Government of the State.Emergency procurement and accounting.. Emergency procurement and accounting.-Where by reason of anythreatening disaster situation or disaster, the National Authority orthe State Authority or the District Authority is satisfied thatimmediate procurement of provisions or materials or the immediateapplication of resources are necessary for rescue or relief,-(a) it may authorise the concerned department or authority to make theemergency procurement and in such case, the standard procedurerequiring inviting of tenders shall be deemed to be waived; (b) a certificate about utilisation of provisions or mateials by thecontrolling officer authorised by the National Authority, State Authority or District Authority, as the case may be, shall be deemed tobe a valid document or voucher for the purpose of accounting ofemergency , procurement of such provisions or materials.

45. CHAPTER X - OFFENCES AND PENALTIES Punishment for obstruction: two years. Punishment for false claim: two years, and fine. Punishment for misappropriation : two years, and fine of money or materials Punishment for false warning: one year or with fine. Failure of officer in duty: one year or with fine.

46. ROLE OF DOCTORS IN DM Civil Surgeon Emergency treatment in the Hospital and ambulance services to the injured & needy. Casualty services including managing of First Aid Posts in the affected areas. Transporting the seriously injured persons to the bigger & specialized hospitals with adequate facilities, equipment & specialist doctors. Health and OPD services in the community shelters in case of evacuation. Setting up mobile medical teams to visit the affected areas to provide health services, especially to the handicapped, children, old persons and women. Ensure adequate supply of medical drugs and services.

47. PUBLIC HEALTH Ensure postmortem of the dead bodies getting conducted expeditiously. Provide chlorine tablets or other water purifier medicines wherever required. Provide inoculation / vaccination against various epidemic diseases especially to the children & women. To keep a check on the quality/ hygiene of food being served in the relief centers & the areas around it. Co-opt & coordinate the activities of various voluntary organizations such as Red Cross and Others.

48. Civil Surgeon will be responsible to supply all kind or medicines in the relief camps and other affected areas in Rohtak District. The S.M.O. posted in the Sub Divisions will submit daily progress report to the concerned SDMs. On receipt of information regarding Accident where casualties are expected, the CS will constitute two teams of Doctors and paramedicals , Team ''A'' and Team "B'' The Team ''A'' headed by CS will rush to the accident site immediately along with 6/7 doctors and 15-20 paramedics. The Team ''B'' headed by the senior most doctors amongst them will contact the local hospitals (Railway/Govt./Private) near the accident site to provide medical treatment to the injured passengers.

49. Duties of Team ''A A Control Room at site must immediately be set up and CS should sit in the site control office & allot duties One doctor to be given duties to look after dead bodies. One doctor will prepare list of persons dead/injured. One/two doctors will be asked to visit the hospitals where the injured passengers have been already shifted. Rest of the doctors will be asked to be involved in rescue operations, to provide medical treatment to the injured passengers and their transport to nearby hospitals. Once the preliminary list of persons dead/injured have been prepared, the list should be signed by the CS.

50. WORKING AGENCIES AGA KHAN DEVELOPMENT NETWORK (AKDN) . The Network’s significant presence in Gujarat ensured immediate assistance to affected communities. AKDN also made a commitment to help them prepare, over the long term, to deal with natural disasters. SANKALP INDIA FOUNDATION : a disaster relief organisation in Bangalore reached out to the victims of the Tsunami in Nagapattinam with relief. INDO- GLOBAL SOCIAL SERVICE SOCIETY( IGSSS): plays a critical role in North East and particularly in Assam in addressing civil society's response to Disaster Management. IGSSS received accreditation certificate for its contribution in developing good practices ‘seed of change’ for Disaster risk reduction. OWNER DRIVEN RECONSTRUCTION COLLABORATIVE(ODRC) : This model has worked with reasonable success during the 2001 Gujarat Earthquake in Bhuj , 2004 tsunami in Nagapattinam and 2008 Kosi floods response in Bihar.

51. INTERNATIONAL ASSISSTANCE Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) International Organisation for Migration (IOM) Office of United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) United Nations High Commission for Refugees (UNHCR) United Nations Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF) World Food Programme (WFP) World Health Organization (WHO) International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies

52. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Mobilising stakeholder participation of Self Help Groups, Women’s Groups, Youth Groups, Panchayati Raj Institutions. Anticipatory Governance: Simulation exercises, Mock drills and Scenario Analysis Local & indigenous knowledge systems and coping practices Living with Risk: Community Based Disaster Risk Management Inclusive, participatory, gender sensitive, child friendly, eco-friendly and disabled friendly disaster management Knowledge Management: Documentation and dissemination of good practices Public Private Partnership

53. SIMULATION EXERCISES In anticipation of the Hurricane season of 2010, a National Simulation Exercise (SIMEX 2010) to test the preparedness of the Haitian Civil Protection for emergency response, took place on July 29-30, 2010, with technical and financial support from the World Bank and the Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery. a real-life evacuation was carried out, and some 150 inhabitants from a high-risk quarter were rapidly and orderly relocated to a temporary shelter. The exercise enabled the identification of the main gaps and areas for improvement of the emergency response system, which allows addressing these promptly

54. MOCK DRILLS Mock drill being done in metro station of Delhi

55. LINKS Local and Indigenous Knowledge Systems (LINKS) Integrates local and indigenous knowledge into their management processes. The Onge tribe of India’s Little Adaman Island were the first to leave the coast before the tsunami because they knew that nature was warning them of impending disaster.  An elder of the Jarawa tribe led his people to the hilltop after he perceived the sudden dizziness of a young boy as an indicator of the earth tremors that precede a tsunami.  For natural disasters like drought and famine, people in parts of Africa use the water beetle to find water in streams and ponds.  Other areas have learned how to prepare for famine by using beanstalk ashes to preserve grain.

56. REFERENCES Disaster management in India: A status report; August, 2004 The disaster management bill, 2005 Park’s text book of preventive and social medicine; 19 th edition J. Kishore : National Health Programs of India; 6 th edition An Integrated Approach to Disaster Management http://www.icm.tn.gov.in/article/disaster.htm BNET Business Dictionary Disaster Management http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emergency_management Draft of the disaster management act, 2005

57. THANK YOU