Disaster Management.pptx

Disaster management is most important for all medicos. i had tried to explain easily in this ppt. Keep reading and i will keep uploading. thanks

1. Thought of The Day YESTERDAY’S A PAST… …..TOMORROW IS A FUTURE…. …. BUT…. TODAY IS A GIFT …… THAT’S WHY IT’S CALLED PRESENT ….!

2. Content Introduction Definition of Disaster Classification & Types of Disasters Disaster Nursing Disaster Management Disaster management Cycle Nodal Ministry of Disaster

3. Introduction Disaster word originated from Greek Word , DUS = Bad & ASTR= Star ….The root of disaster comes from an Astrological sense of a calamity blamed on the position of a planet. Health Sector Emergency Managers are concerned with Public safety and public Health. Clients are threatened/injured and damaged during Disaster. The Disaster Management Act was established in 2005. Disaster is a sudden , calamitous event bringing great damage, loss, destruction & devastation to life and property.

4. Definition of Disaster “Any occurrence that causes damage, ecological disruption, loss of human life , deterioration of health and health services , sufficient to warrant an extraordinary response from outside the affected community/area.” (WHO) “A disaster can defined as an occurrence either Nature or Man made that causes Human suffering and creates human needs that victim can not alleviate without assistance.” (American Red Cross)

5. Cont. “Disaster is an Emergency in which local authorities cannot cope the goal of emergency management is to protect public health.” ALL DISASTERS ARE EMERGENCIES BUT NOT ALL EMERGENCIES ARE DISASTERS

6. Definition of Hazard “ Any phenomenon that has the potential to cause Damage to people and their Environment.” There is a 4 classes of hazard Natural Hazard Technological Hazard Biological Hazard Societal Hazard

7. Vulnerability Capacity to cope High Low Low High Vulnerability V ery l o w Low Exposure to Hazard H i gh Low 9 These are the determinants of risk (people).

8. THE MOST VULNERABLE

9. Cont. For ex., an Earthquake hazard of the same magnitude in a sparsely populated village of Rajasthan and in the densely populated city of Delhi will cause different levels of damage to humans lives, property & Economic Activities. There is a two type of emergencies (i) Non-disaster Emergencies (ii) Disaster Emergencies

10. Classification Of Disasters Biological Disaster: Insect Infestation, Epidemics & Animal Attacks. Geographical Disaster: Earth Quake & Tsunamis, Volcanic Eruptions etc. Climatological Disaster: Droughts(Associated with Food insecurities), Extreme Temperature & Wild Fires

11. Cont. Hydrological Disaster: Flood including Waves and Surges. Meteorological Disaster: Storms

12. Met eoro l og i cal Disasters Floods Tsunami Cyclone Hurricane Typhoon Snow storm Blizzard Hail storm T op o graph i cal Disasters Earthquake Volcanic Erupti o ns Asteroids E n vironmental Disasters Global w a r m i n g Ozone d e p l eti o n Solar flare 15

13. Techn l og i cal Disasters Transport failure Public place failure Fire Ind u strial Ch e mical spills R a dio a ctive spills Security related War Terrorism Internal c o nflicts 16

14. Meteorological Disaster Flood (mostly occur in June–September) Tsunami International Tsunami Centre is Situated in Honolulu( Hawai ).

15. Cont. Cyclone Hurricane

16. Cont. Typhoon Blizzard

17. Cont. Hail Storm Snow Storm

18. DISASTER AGENT Primary agents include falling buildings, heat, wind, rising water and smoke . Secondary agents include bacteria and viruses that produce contamination or infection after the primary agent has caused injury or destruction .

19. HOST Human kind. Age, sex, immunization status, pre-existing health, degree of mobility, emotional stability,

20. ENVIRONMENT  PHYSICAL FACTORS  CHEMICAL FACTOR  BIOLOGICAL FACTORS  SOCIAL FACTORS  PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS

21. Disaster Nursing “Disaster Nursing is defined as The adaptation of professional nursing knowledge, skills and Attitude in recognizing and meeting the nursing, health and emotional needs of disaster victims.”

22. ‘DISASTER’ Al phabetically means D - D etection I – Incid ent Command S – S afety and Security A - A ssess S - S upport T – Tr iage & Treatment E – E valuation R - Re covery

23. Qualities of Nurse working in Disaster Confidence Cooperation Coordination Control Value of human life Gentleness Strength Trust Interdependence Sensitivity Leadership

24. Emergency Operational Plan (EOP) Hospitals are required to have an Emergency Operations Plan (EOP) which describes how a facility will respond to and recover from all hazards.it is inclusive of the Six critical elements within the joint Commission’s emergency Management Standards: Communication Resources and Assets Safety and Security Staff Responsibilities Utilizes and clinical Support Activities

25. Color Coding for management System in NABH/High Facilitate Hospitals: Color Code Condition/Complication Code Red Fire Code Black Bomb Threatening Code Yellow External Disaster (Mass causality) Code Pink Child Abduction Code Grey Internal Disaster Lab./Radiologic Accident Code Blue Cardiac Arrest (Medical Emergency)

26. DISASTER MANAGEMENT

27. Disaster Management A continuous and integrated process of planning, organizing, coordinating and implementing measures which are necessary for: Prevention of danger or threat of any disaster. Re d uct io n of r isk of a ny di s as t er o r its se v er i ty. Capacity-building. Preparedness to deal with any disaster. Pr o mpt r e sp onse t o a ny t h re at e n ing di s as t er Condition Asses s ing t h e s e v er i ty of e f f e cts of any disaster . Evacuation, rescue and relief. Rehabilitation and reconstruction.

28. Principles of Disaster Management Disaster management is the responsibility of all spheres of government Disaster management should use resources that exist for a day-to-day purpose. Organizations should function as an extension of their core business Individuals are responsible for their own safety. Disaster management planning should focus on large-scale events.

29. Cont. DM planning should recognize the difference between incidents and disasters. DM planning must take account of the type of physical environment and the structure of the population. DM arrangements must recognize the involvement and potential role of non- government agencies

30. DISASTER IMPACT

31. Objectives:- To insure the appropriate system procedures & resources are in place to provide prompt effective assistance to disaster victims, thus facilitating relief measure & rehabilitation services. (i) Disaster Preparedness

32. Elements of Disaster Plan Chain of authority Lines of communication Modes of transport Mobilization Warning Equation Rescue and recovery Triage Treatment Support of victims and families Care of dead bodies Disaster worker rehabilitation.

33. ARE NURSES PREPARED ? ??

34. Roll of Nurse in Disaster Preparedness PERSONAL PREPAREDNESS: Capacity Building Readiness to work in the multidisciplinary team Knowledge about community Types of disaster and its management Certified first aider and CPR Knowledge about Policies and protocols Communication skill

35. Professional Preparedness Prepared disaster preparedness written plan Control room Rapid Response Team License and health resources personal equipment, such as a stethoscope, a flashlight and extra batteries, Cash, Warm clothing and a heavy jacket (or weather-appropriate clothing), Record-keeping materials, Pocket-sized reference books.

36. Cont. Disaster management committee Information and communication Use of personal protective devices: Disaster beds Logistic support system Training and drills . Unity of command with mobile van Standard operating protocol

37. Activation of Disaster management Plans “Failure to plan is planning to fail ”. Develop a standard operating procedure Reception area-Disaster control room. Triage system Documentation at control room Public relation Crowd management

38. Community Preparedness “A prepared community is one which has developed effective emergency and disaster management arrangements at the local level, resulting in : Alert , informed and active community which Supports its voluntary organizations. Active and involved local government. Agreed and coordinated arrangement

39. (ii) Disaster Impact & Response 44

40. (ii) Disaster Impact & Response “ Actions taken in anticipation of, during and immediately after impact to ensure that its effects are minimized and that people are given immediate relief and support ”. A set of principles which provide a framework for managing any event. Command Control Coordination Communication Clinical Management Continuity Capability

41. Nurses Task in Disaster Impact Determine magnitude of the event Define health needs of the affected groups Establish priorities Ide n t i f y a ct ua l an d po te n t ia l p ub l i c Health problems Determine resources needed to respond C ol l a b or at e with ot h er p rof e s s i on a l d i s ci p l i n e s , governmental and non-governmental agencies Maintain a unified chain of command Communication

42. Response Activities a hospital, healthcare system, or public health agency take immediately before, during, and after a disaster or emergency occurs. Be in multidisciplinary team Search , rescue & First Aid Distribution of work / delegation of responsibilities.

43. Cont. Field care Triaging and tagging the victim Care for injured persons Referral services Arranging for physical facilities for the victim. Effective communication

44. Cont. Immediate post disaster intervention:- Establish safety. Medical Treatment & Nursing Care as Per Need Utilization of Available Resources Psychological Support Life Saving Measures , First Aid Evacuation & Supply - Shelter, Food, Water, Medicine, Communication Maintaining Public Moral

45. Cont. Re-riving post disaster stress. Encourage ventilation. Establishing outreach program to provide community support. Referral services

46. “ TR IA GE ” FOR DISASTER MANAGEMENT

47. Triage French verb “trier” means to sort Assigns priorities when resources limited

48. Cont. “Triage is the process of determining t he priority of patients treatments based on the severity of their Condition.”

49. Triage in Emergency and Disaster

50. Types of Triage

51. TRIAGE ( CATEGORIZING)  Red - high priority  Yellow - medium priority  Green – ambulatory  Black – dead

52. Levels of Triage LEVEL COLOR CODING 1. Immediate Red 2. Delayed Yellow 3. Minimal Injury (Ambulatory) Green 4. Expectant (Dead) Black

53. CATEGORY MEANING OUTCOME 1. Immediate Acute danger for life. Life threatening injuries. R equires immediate medical attention and will not survive if not seen soon.

54. Examples Tension pneumothorax Massive Hemorrhage (Shock) Cardiac tamponade Major traumatic amputation

55. CATEGORY MEANING OUTCOME 2. Delayed Severe injury. life-threatening, but can wait until the Immediate casualties are stabilized and evacuated. Constant observation

56. Examples Flail chest with hypoxia Minor amputations Flesh wounds Fractures and dislocations Pulmonary contusion

57. CATEGORY MEANING OUTCOME 3. Minimal Minor injury or no injury. “Walking wounded”. Treatment when practical, transport and/or discharge Requires medical attention when all higher priority patients have been evacuated.

58. Examples Minor lacerations Sprains Abrasions Non-displaced, minimally angulated closed fractures of the digit

59. “Walking Injured”

60. CATEGORY MEANING OUTCOME 4. Expectant No or small chance of survival; no spontaneous breathing after clearing of airway; or dead Expected not to reach higher medical support alive. If dead, c ollection and guarding of bodies, identification when possible.

61. Examples Severe injuries, uncompensated blood loss, Negative neurological assessment No spontaneous breathing after clearing of airway

62. Examples Unresponsive patient with open head wound and exposed brain Burns: 2° and 3°, more than 50% TBSA Exposure to radiation: more than 500rads with immediate signs of radiation sickness

63. Expectant

64. Need of the Disaster Triage 1) Inadequate Resources to Meet immediate needs 2) Infrastructure limitations 3) Inadequate Hazard preparation 4) Limited transport capabilities 5) Multiple agencies responding

65. Aims of Triage 1)To sort patients based on needs for immediate care 2) To recognize futility 3) Medical needs will outstrip the immediately available resources 4) Additional resources will become available given enough time.

66. Principles of Triage 1) Every patient should receive and triaged by appropriate skilled health care professionals. 2) Triage is a clinic managerial decision and must involve collaborative planning. 3) The Triage process should not cause a delay in the delivery of effective clinical care.

67. Advantages of Triage Helps to bring order and organization to a chaotic scene. It identifies and provides care to those who are in greatest need Helps make the difficult decisions easier Assure that resources are used in the most effective manner May take some of the emotional from those doing triage

68. (iii) Disaster Recovery Rehabilitation - restoration of basic social functions. Providing temporary shelters, Stress debriefing for responders and victims, Economic Rehabilitation, Psycho-social Rehabilitation, Scientific Damage Assessment ,

69. Roll of Nurse in Recovery Surveillance and prevention of epidemic outbreak Water supply Food supply and safety Control of vectors Care of survivors, Vaccination Counseling and Behavior modification

70. SHELTER MANAGEMENT PLANS: Nurse can act as shelter managers Listen to the victims Encourage victims to overcome the crisis Provide the basic resources. like food, water etc Provide compassion and dignity to the victim .

71. Rehabilitation by Health Sector Community cleanup efforts Teaching Proper Hygiene Alert For Environmental Health Hazards Home Visits Fallow up care

72. (iv) Disaster Mitigation “Permanent reduction of risk of a disaster, to limit impact on human suffering and economic assets .” Primary mitigation – reducing hazard & vulnerability. Secondary mitigation- reducing effects of hazard .

73. Natural hazards are inevitable….! Reduce vulnerability

74. Components of Disaster Mitigation Hazard identification and mapping – Assessment – Estimating probability of a damaging phenomenon of given magnitude in a given area . Considerations- History Probability of various intensities Maximum threat Possible secondary hazards

75. Cont. Vulnerability analysis – A process which results in an understanding of the types and levels of exposure of persons, property, and the environment to the effects of identified hazards at a particular time . Risk analysis – Determining nature and scale of losses which can be anticipated in a particular area.

76. Cont. Involves analysis of Probability of a hazard of a particular magnitude. Elements susceptible to potential loss/damage. Nature of vulnerability. Specified future time period . Prevention – Activities taken to prevent a natural phenomenon or potential hazard from having harmful effects on either people or economic assets.

77. VULNERABILITY PROFILE OF INDIA Asian r e gi o n is m ost di s as t er p ron e r egi o n w ith 6 0% of the major natural disasters of world. In d ia is v ul n e ra ble in v aryi n g d egr e es t o a la r g e number of natural as well as man-made disasters. • 12 % land is prone to floods and river erosion. • 58 % landmass is prone to earthquakes. • 5,700 km coastline is prone to cyclones and tsunamis. • 68% cultivable area is vulnerable to drought. • Hilly areas are at risk from landslides and avalanches. • Further, the vulnerability to Nuclear, Biological and Chemical (NBC) disasters and terrorism has also increased. 100

78. WHAT THE NURSES SHOULD KNOW ?

79. The Chairman of the National Disaster management Authority is The Prime Minister of India. National Institute of Disaster is situated at New Delhi.

80. Nodal Ministries related with Disasters Type of Disaster Nodal Ministry Natural- Flood, Tsunami, Cyclone, Earthquake Manmade-Civil strife Home Affairs Drou g ht ( Low Rainfall ) Agriculture Biological, Epidemics Health & Family Welfare Chemical, Forest related Environment & Forest N u cl e ar Atomic Energy Air Accidents Civil Aviation Railway Accidents R a i l w a y Industrial Accidents Labour 103

81. MOCK DRILLS 104

82. Lesson Learnt Be Prepared : Preparedness and Mitigation is bound to yield more effective returns than distributing relief after a disaster . Create a Culture of Preparedness and Prevention . Evolve a code of conduct for all stake-holders.

83. International Day for Disaster Reduction (IDDR) International Day for Disaster Reduction/International Disaster Day celebrated in 13 th October. Rallies and special lectures were organized in the universities and colleges to mark the initiatives of awareness for disaster reduction amongst youth & children .

84. Theme of International Day for Disaster reduction in 2017 is: “Home Safe Home: Reducing Exposure, Reducing displacement”

85. FOR INFORMATION ON DISASTER MANAGEMENT DIAL TOLL FREE No. 011-1078 Contact NDMA Control Room 26701728,730;Fax-26701729 9868891801,9868101885 c o ntrolroo m@ n d ma . go v .in ; ndma c ontrolroo m @ g m ail.com WEBSITE Republic of India-http:// ndma.gov.in 108

86. 109 Re f erenc e s Risk reduction and emergency Preparedness, WHO six-year strategy for the health sector and community capacity development, ISBN 978 92 4 159589 6 © World Health Organization 2007. Communicable diseases following natural disasters, Risk assessment and priority interventions, World Health Organization 2006. Disaster Prevention and Preparedness, LECTURE NOTES For Health Science Students, Jimma University in collaboration with the Ethiopia Public Health Training Initiative, The Carter Center, the Ethiopia Ministry of Health, and the Ethiopia Ministry of Education 2006. Funded under USAID Cooperative Agreement No. 663-A-00-00-0358-00. Wallace/Maxcy-Rosenau-Last-Public Health & Preventive Medicine, Fifteenth edition,2008, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.; United States of America. K Park, Park’s Text book of Preventive and Social Medicine,22nd Edition 2013, Bhanot Publications, Jabalpur,India. Position Paper on Crowd Management at Places of Mass Gatherings, 2013, NDMA downloads, assessed on 01/12/2013. THE DISASTER MANAGEMENT ACT, 2005, NO. 53 OF 2005, 23rd December, 2005, enacted by Parliament in the Fifty-sixth Year of the Republic of India.

87. 110 Re f erenc e s Emergency Triage Assessment and Treatment (ETAT), Manual for Participants, © World Health Organization 2005. EMERGENCY SURGICAL CARE IN DISASTER SITUATIONS, WHO manual Surgical Care at the District Hospital (SCDH), a part of the WHO Integrated Management on Emergency and Essential Surgical Care (IMEESC) tool kit. The Global Platform for Disaster Reduction, The official agenda for the 4th Session from Tuesday 21 to Thursday 23 May 2013,assessed on 05/012/2013. National Policy on Disaster Management(NPDM) ,NDMA publication online assessed on 07/12/2013. Public Health Risk Assessment and Interventions, Typhoon Haiyan,16 November 2013. National Disaster Management Guidelines, Preparation of State Disaster Management Plans, July 2007,NDMA,GOI. Disaster management and risk reduction: strategy and coordination; plan 2010-2011,International Federation of Red cross and Red Crescent Societies. http://reliefweb.int/ assessed on 09/01/2014