DISASTER MANAGEMENT.pptx

Disaster Management

1. DISASTER MANAGEMENT Dr Jazeela Mohamed Siddique Senior resident Department Of Community Medicine

2. Disaster and Hazard definition Disaster Any occurrence that causes damage , ecological disruption, loss of human life or deterioration of health and health services on a scale sufficient to warrant an extraordinary response from outside the affected community or area Hazard Any phenomenon that has potential to cause disruption or damage to people and their environment

3. Types of disasters

4. Natural disasters

5. Human induced disasters

6. Disaster management The systematic process of using administrative decisions , organisations, operational skills and capacities to implement policies , strategies and coping capacities of the society and communities to lessen the impacts of natural hazards and related environmental and technological disasters. [UNISDR]

7. Phases of disaster management

8. Disaster preparedness Activities prior to disaster Preparedness plans Emergency exercises/ training Warning systems

9. Disaster response Activities during a disaster Search, rescue and first aid Evacuation measures Field care Triage Tagging Take care of dead

10. Medical and Public health response Food safety and water safety Animal control – dead bodies contaminate water, zoonotic diseases Vector control – mosquito and rodents Communicable disease control Waste management – temporary latrines, chemical toileting, sewage disposal Immunization – mass immunisation not recommended Management of hazardous agent exposure Mental health – psychological triage in terrorism Information – Behavioural contagion handling, Risk communication

11. Triage Rapid classification of the injured on the basis of severity of injuries and chances of survival High priority to those having better prognosis by simple intensive care Lowest priority to moribund patients requiring great deal of attention, with questionable prognosis Four colour coded system Red – high priority Yellow – medium priority Green – ambulatory patients Black – Dead or moribund

12. Relief phase Relief operations depend on Type of disaster Type and quantity of supplies available locally Medical supply Health needs Shelter (Relief camps) Food safety Clothing & utensil Environment management Water supply Basic sanitation Personal hygiene Vector control

13. Epidemiologic surveillance and disease control Disaster increase the transmission of communicable diseases Prevention and control of communicable diseases Overcrowding & poor sanitation Population displacement Damage to water supply, sewerage &power systems Disruption of routine control programs Favour vector breeding Displacement of animals - zoonoses Food, water, shelter – source of infection Implement public health measures Disease reporting system to identify outbreaks & prompt control measures Investigate all reports of disease outbreaks

14. Vaccination WHO does not recommend typhoid and cholera vaccines use in routine care during disasters Vaccination – necessary for health workers Best protection – maintenance of high level immunity by routine immunisation before the disaster Food relief programmes Assess the food supplies post-disaster Estimate nutritional needs of affected population Calculate daily food ration and need for large population groups Monitor nutritional status of affected popuation Nutrition

15. Rehabilitation Restoration of the pre-disaster conditions Services restructured and reorganized ( casuality management  primary health care) Priority- health care  environmental measures Water supply Food safety Basic sanitation and personal hygiene Vector control Repatriation – After emergency is over, displaced people return to their place of origin

16. Ensure water quality – chlorination – residual chlorine level 0.2-0.5 mg/L Identify and analyse potential contaminants New water source - Protection measures Restrict access to people and animals Excreta disposal at a safe distance from water source Prohibit bathing, washing and animal husbandry upstream Upgrade wells to protect from contamination Estimate maximum yield of wells and ration water if necessary Water supply

17. Kitchen sanitation Personal hygiene in food preparation Sanitary disposal of excreta Emergency latrines ; washing, bathing ad cleaning facilities for displaced Food safety Basic sanitation and personal hygiene Vector control Intensification of vector control programmes during crisis Malaria, dengue, leptospirosis and plague

18. Disaster mitigation Measures designed for lessening the likely effects of emergencies Flood mitigation works, appropriate land use planning, improved building codes Improving structural qualities of houses, schools and other buildings Ensure safety of health facilities, public health services, water supply and sewerage systems Reduce the cost of rehabilitation and reconstruction Complements disaster preparedness and disaster response activities

19. Disaster preparedness Long term development activities with goals to strengthen capacity and capability of a country to manage all type of emergencies Orderly transition from relief  recovery  sustained development Objective : systems, procedures and resources in place to provide prompt assistance

20. Disaster preparedness Ongoing multisectoral activity Evaluate the risk of a region to disaster Adopt standards and regulations Organize communication, information and warning systems Ensure coordination and respose mechanisms Develop public education programmes Coordinate information sessions with news media Organize disaster simulation exercises that test response mechanisms

21. THANK YOU https://www.slideshare.net/JazeelaMohamedSiddiq