Disaster Management - Steps, Triaging and Rehabilitation

A detailed presentation of disaster management, including the steps of triage, disaster impact, disaster mitigation and rehabilitation

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2. Learning Objectives 2 To define disaster To list out the types of disasters To describe the steps of disaster cycle To list out the health impacts of disasters

3. CONTENTS Introduction Definition Problem Statement – Global and India Classification & Types of Disasters Disaster Management Medical and Public Health Response Public Health Impact of Disaster Disaster Mitigation Disaster Preparedness Disaster Management in India DM in India – Critical Review References 3

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5. 5 Physical Vulnerability

6. 6 Social Vulnerability

7. 7 Economic Vulnerability

8. Environmental Vulnerability 8

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10. Disasters – Global Scenario 10

11. Floods, Mumbai, 26 July 2005 Tsunami 26 Dec 2004 Cyclone 29 Oct 1999 Flood, Assam & Bihar 2004 MAJOR DISASTERS (1980-2005) Earthquake Uttarkashi, 20 Oct 1991 Bhuj, Earthquake, 26 January, 2001 Avalanche Feb 2005 Earthquake, Latur, 30 Sept 1993 Tsunami 26 Dec 2004 Alia Cyclone 2009 Bhopal Gas Tragedy, Dec 1984 Earthquake, Oct, 2005 PHAILIN Cyclone 2013 Flood, Uttarakhand 2013 A few disasters in

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13. Natural Disasters 13

14. Man made Disasters 14

15. Activities prior to a disaster. Preparedness plans Emergency exercises Training, Warning systems Activities during a disaster. Public warning systems Emergency operations Search & rescue Activities following a disaster . Temporary housing Claims processing Grants Medical care Activities that reduce effects of disasters Building codes & zoning Vulnerability analyses Public education 15

16. 16 RECOVERY PHASE RISK REDUCTION PHASE

17. Impact/ Consequences of Disaster 17

18. Symptoms after disaster Escobar J, Canino G. Somatic symptoms after a natural disaster: a prospective study. American Journal of Psychiatry. 1992;149(7):965-967.

19. Communicable Diseases after Disasters 19

20. Communicable Diseases after Disasters - CAUSES 20 1. Preexisting Diseases in the Population

21. Communicable Diseases after Disasters - CAUSES 21 2. Ecological Changes

22. Communicable Diseases after Disasters - CAUSES 22 3. Damage to Public Utilities

23. Communicable Diseases after Disasters - CAUSES 23 4. Population Movements

24. Communicable Diseases after Disasters - CAUSES 24 5. Interruption in Public Health Services

25. Communicable Diseases after Disasters - CAUSES 25 6. Altered Individual Resistance to diseases

26. Diseases after Man Made Disasters 26

27. Other Public Health Impacts of Disasters 27

28. Prevention of Communicable Diseases 28

29. Disaster Response

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31. Disaster Rehabilitation & Reconstruction Steps for restoration of pre disaster conditions 31

32. Disaster Mitigation Permanent reduction of risk of a disaster, to limit impact on human suffering and economic assets. 32

33. Disaster Preparedness A program of long term development activities to strengthen the overall capacity and capability of the country to manage emergencies. 33 1)Evaluate the risk of the country or particular region to disaster. 68%

34. Disaster Preparedness 2) Adopt standards and regulation 34

35. Disaster Preparedness 3) Organize communication ,information and warning systems. 35

36. Disaster Preparedness 4) Ensure coordination and response mechanism 36

37. Disaster Preparedness 5) Quick Resource & Funding availability ( Eg : Central Emergency Response Fund) 37

38. Disaster Preparedness 6) Develop public education programs 38

39. Disaster Preparedness 7) Coordinate information with news media 39

40. Disaster Preparedness 8) Organize Disaster Simulation exercise/ Disaster Drills 40

41. Disaster Management in India

42. Institutional Framework Disaster Management Structure NDMA Apex Body with Prime Minister as Chairperson . National Executive Committee - Secretaries of 14 Ministries and Chief of Integrated Defence Staff. Centre Level Central Ministries; National Disaster Management Authority, National Institute of Disaster Management National Disaster Response Force (NDRF). State Level SDMA headed by Chief Minister . State Executive Committee (SEC). District Level DDMA headed by District Collector/ District Magistrate . Interface between Govt. and Public. 42

43. Nodal Ministries related with Disasters Type of Disaster Nodal Ministry Natural- Flood, Tsunami, Cyclone, Earthquake Manmade-Civil unrest Home Affairs Drought Agriculture Biological, Epidemics Health & Family Welfare Chemical, Forest related Environment & Forest Nuclear Atomic Energy Air Accidents Civil Aviation Railway Accidents Railway Industrial Accidents Labour 43

44. NIDM 44 Provides web based training courses. Satellite based demonstration & Training Programme on Disaster Management. www.onlinenidm.gov.in

45. National Disaster Response Force (NDRF) Para-military forces of India like Border Security Force and Central Reserve Police Force 12 Battalions with 1149 members each 45

46. NDRF Battalions in India Suradevi & Waregaon 46

47. International Organisations WFP : The  World Food Programme  is the principle supplier of relief food aid. FAO :The  Food and Agriculture Organisation  of the UN provides early warning of impending food crisis, and assesses global food supply problems. UNICEF : The  United Nations Children’s Emergency Fund 

48. International Organisations IOM : The  International Organisation for Migration is an intergovernmental agency which helps transfer refugees. IRP : The International Recovery Platform serve as a catalyst for the development of tools, resources, and capacity for disaster recovery.

49. NGOs IFRC : International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies Pivotal roles in responding to emergencies CARE :  The Cooperative for Assistance and Relief Everywhere is a humanitarian organisation fighting global poverty . It also delivers emergency aid to survivors of war and natural disasters, and helps people rebuild their lives.

50. NIDM observes "Disaster Reduction Day" on the Second Wednesday of October. UN General Assembly in 2009, designated October 13 as International Day for Disaster Reduction. 2016 Theme: “Live to Tell: Raising Awareness, Reducing Mortality” 2013 WHD Theme: “Living with Disability and Disasters” 50

51. Critical Review of DM in India Preparedness and Mitigation very often ignored. Lack of integrated efforts to collect and compile data and local knowledge on disaster history and traditional response patterns Need for standardized efforts in compiling and interpreting geo-spatial data, satellite imagery Absence of a national, state and district level directory of experts and inventory of resources. Lack of adequate emergency medicine, critical care medicine, first aid facilities. 51

52. Thank You 52