Disaster_Managementdsfsfdfdvdfg_Plan.pdf

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1. Disaster Management Plan

2. DISASTER
Disastersaremajoraccidentswhichcausewide
spreaddisruptionofhumanandcommercialactivities.
Theword“disaster”referstothoseemergency
situationswheretheno.ofcasualtiesisverylarge
likeinnaturalcalamities.
Normally,commonaccidentsareabsorbedbythe
community,butdisastersaremajoraccidentsand
communitycannotabsorbthemwiththeirown
resources.
Mostofthedisasters,naturalormanmadehavesudden
onsetandgiveveryshortnoticeornotitemtoprevent
theoccurrence.

3. DISASTER(Cont……)
Disastersmaycauselossofhumanlife,injuries
andlongtermdisablementofpeopleworkingin
theorganizationandlocalcommunityaroundthe
industrialarea.
Normally,lossoflives,totalorpartialdisability
havemoreimpactonthecommunitythandamage
totheproperties.
Damagetothepropertyhasalongtermsocial
impactlikelossofrevenue,employmentand
rebuildingcostandleadtosevereconomic
constraints.

4. DISASTER MANAGEMENT
TheDisasterManagementAct,2005mandates
theNationalDisasterManagementAuthority
(NDMA)tolaydownpoliciesandguidelinesfor
thestatutoryauthoritiestodrawtheirDisaster
Management(DM)Plans.
NDMAwillconcentrateonprevention,mitigation,
preparedness,rehabilitationandreconstruction
andalsoformulateappropriatepolicies&
guidelinesforeffectiveandsynergizednational
disasterresponseandrelief.

5. DISASTER MANAGEMENT
•DisasterManagementcanbedefinedasthe
rangeofactivitiesdesignedtomaintain
controloverdisasterandemergency
situations.
•Itprovidesaframeworkforhelpingatrisk
personstoavoidorrecoverfromtheimpact
ofthedisaster
•DisasterManagementdealswithsituations
thatoccurpriorto,during,andafterthe
disaster.

6. OBJECTIVESOFDISASTERMANAGEMENT :
•Toreduceoravoidthehuman,physical&
economiclossessufferedbyindividuals,by
thesociety,andbythecountryatlarge.
•Toreducepersonalsuffering.
•Tospeedrecovery
•Toprovideprotectiontovictimsorpersons
whoselives/propertyarethreatenedby
armedconflict,tribalanimosity,religious
persecutionsetc.

7. ELEMENTS OF DISASTER MANAGEMENT :
1.Risk Management
2.Loss Management
3.Control of Events
4.Equity of Assistance
5.Resource Management
6.Impact Reduction

8. ELEMENTSOFDISASTERMANAGEMENT(Cont .)
RiskManagement:
Itconsistsof:
1.Identifyingthreats(hazardslikelytooccur)
2.Determiningtheirprobabilityofoccurrence
3.Estimatingwhattheimpactofthethreatmight
betothecommunitiesatrisk.
4.Determiningmeasuresthatcanreducetherisk.
5.Takingactiontoreducethethreat

9. ELEMENTSOFDISASTERMANAGEMENT(Cont .)
LossManagement:
Lossesinadisasterincludehuman,structural&
economiclosses.LossMgmt.addressesallthese
lossesthroughbothpre–andpostdisasteractions
designedtokeeplossestoaminimum.
Themosteffectivelossmgmt.activitiesoccurprior
tothedisaster&arefocusedonreducingsociety’s
vulnerabilitytothedisaster.

10. ELEMENTSOFDISASTERMANAGEMENT(Cont .)
ControlofEvents:
Itisimportanttocontrolasituationratherthan
respondtoit.Thecontrolismaintainedby:
Anticipationofadisasterandreductionofthescope
ofadisaster.
Mitigationisthemostimportantfunctionin
bringingdisastersundercontrol.

11. ELEMENTSOFDISASTERMANAGEMENT(Cont .)
EquityofAssistance:
Alldisasterassistanceshouldbeprovidedinan
equitableandfairmanner.
ThemostimportantelementofdisasterMgmt.is
thatalldisastervictimsaretreatedfairlyand
equally.
Doctrinesoffairnessmustunderlieuniformrelief
andreconstructionpoliciesinordertoensurethat
disastervictimsreceivefairtreatmentandobtain
adequateaccesstotheresourcesavailable.

12. ELEMENTSOFDISASTERMANAGEMENT(Cont .)
ResourceManagement:
Sincethereisalwaysscarcityofresourcetomeetall
needs&demandsofpostdisasterenvironment.
Thus,resourcemgmt.becomesacriticalelementof
disasterresponse.

13. ELEMENTSOFDISASTERMANAGEMENT(Cont .)
ImpactReduction:
Disastercanhaveanimpactfarbeyondthe
immediatehuman,physicaloreconomic
losses.
Theimpactofthedisasteronindividualsor
theirsocietyshouldbereducedtoaminimum.
DisasterMgmt.shouldbecarriedoutinsuchaway
thatrecoveryisaccomplishedquicklyandthatthe
recoveryeffortscontributetotheoverall
developmentneedsofthecountryandallitscitizens.

14. DISASTERMANAGEMENT PLAN
Inspiteofainstallationhavingsounddesign,
engineeringandmanagementpractices,the
possibilityofamajoraccidentordisaster
cannotberuledout.
Thethreatofamajorfire,explosion,toxic
releaseornaturaldisastersinvolvingemployees,
property,publicandenvironmentisalways
there.

15. DISASTERMANAGEMENT PLAN(Cont…..)
Whenanemergencysituationdevelops,itis
necessarythataconciseandwell-written
emergencyplanshouldbeinplaceinevery
petroleuminstallationwhichcanbeputintoaction
withoutlossofanytime.
Mostoftheemergencysituationscanbe
controlledbycarefulevaluationofthe
anticipatedpossibleeventsandevolvingaplanto
meetsuchsituationsandorganizesuitabledrills
orrehearsalsforeffectiveimplementationatthe
timeofemergency.

16. DISASTERMANAGEMENT PLAN(Cont…..)
Amajoremergencycandevelopduetofailureof
operatingsystemsorduetonaturaldisasterslike
cyclones,earthquakes,floods,lightning,etc.
Incaseofnaturaldisasters,notmuchcanbe
donetoavoidtheiroccurrences,butagood
disaster/emergencyplancanminimizethe
casualtiesanddamagesbywellconceived
evacuation,rehabilitationprogrammes.

17. DEFNITIONOFEMERGENCY:
Emergencyisageneraltermimplyinghazardous
situationbothinsideandoutsidethefactory
premises.
Theemergenciesaretermed"on-site“,whenit
confinesitselfwithinthefactoryeventhoughit
mayrequireexternalhelpand"off-site"when
emergencyextendsbeyonditspremises.
Itistobeunderstoodhere,thatifan
emergencyoccursinsidetheplantandcouldnot
becontrolled,itmayleadtoanoff-site
emergency.

18. EMERGENCY (Cont….):
Majoremergency(onedeathoutside
factorypremises&teninjuryinsidethe
plant)maybedefinedasonewhichhas
thepotentialtocauseseriousdanger.
Majoremergencyhasthepotentialto
causeseriousdangertopersonsand/or
damagetopropertyandwhichtendsto
causedisruptioninsideand/oroutsidethe
siteandmayrequiretheuseofoutside
resources.

19. ACTIVITIES THAT CAN REDUCE
THE RISK OF ACCIDENTS:
•Good Design
•Good Operation
•Good Maintenance
•Good Inspection
•Good HSE Practices
•Good HSE Audit system

20. EmergencyManagementPlan
Anemergencyplan/On-siteEmergencyPlan/Disaster
ManagementPlanisamasterplancontains:
EmergencyResponse
ResponseStrategies
Responsibilities of key members
Communication Means
To control a range of major incidents.
Thisplanisdraftedafteracarefulanalysisand
assessmentofvariousrisksassociatedwiththe
installations.

21. EmergencyManagementPlan(Cont…..)
Theplanshouldalsofollowtheprovisionsof
FactoriesAct,1948andtheguidelinesfromthe
ChiefInspectorofFactoriesofthestate.
Thecivicauthoritiesoftheareausuallyprepare
disasterplansforemergencysituationsoutside
thepremises.
Themanagementoftheinstallationshouldgive
fullcooperationtothecivicauthoritiesin
preparingOff-siteEmergencyPlan.

22. ObjectivesofEmergencyPlan
Theobjectivesofamajoremergencymanagement
planare:
Tocontrolemergencyincidents.
Topreventlossoflifeandminimizetheriskof
injuriestoemployeesandneighboringpopulation.
Tominimizedamagetocompanyinstallationand
publicproperty.

23. ObjectivesofEmergencyPlan(Cont….)
Tominimizeimpactonenvironment.
Toprovidemaximumpossiblesafetytothe
emergencyresponsepersonnel.
Toinformemployees,public,andauthorities
abouttherisksassessed,safeguardsprovidedand
roleoftheorganization.
Toworkjointlywiththeoff-siteplanofthelocal
authorities.
Toseekhelpfromthecompany'scorporateoffice,
sistercompaniesandoutsideagencies.

24. Emergency/DisasterScenarios
Everyinstallationshouldidentifythepossiblemajor
emergencysituationsforwhichadisasterplanhas
tobemadelike:
Fire Explosion
Toxic Release Drowning
Oil Spill on WaterFlood
Oil spill on LandProduct / Transport
Emergency
Cyclone Earthquake

25. CategorizationofEmergencies
Asageneralpractice,emergencysituationsare
categorizedintothreelevelsdependingupontheir
magnitudeandconsequenceslike:
Level-1
Theemergencysituationarisinginanysectionof
oneparticularplant/areawhichisminorinnature
andcanbecontrolledwithintheaffectedsection
itselfwiththehelpofin-houseshiftstaff.Suchan
emergencydoesnothavethepotentialtocause
seriousinjuriesordamagetoproperty,
environmentortoothersectionsoftheinstallation.

26. CategorizationofEmergencies(Cont…)
Level-2
Theemergencysituationarisinginoneormore
plants/areaswhichhasthepotentialtocauseserious
injuries,propertylossand/orenvironmentaldamage
intheinstallation.
Suchanemergencysituationalwayswarrantsto
mobilizealltheresourcesavailablein-houseand/or
outsidetomitigatetheemergency.
Theimpactofthislevelofemergencyishowever,
withintheinstallation.

27. CategorizationofEmergencies(Cont…)
Level-3
Iflevel-2emergencyconsequencesspreadand
affectthenearbycommunityoutsidethepremises,
itistermedaslevel-3emergency.

28. Elements of a Major Emergency Management Plan:
Emergency Organization with responsibilities of
key members.
Key Members and their contact numbers.
Emergency Control centre.
Emergency Communication
Emergency Response
Evacuation / Rescue
Emergency Resources

29. EmergencyOrganizationandResponsibilitiesof
KeyMembers
Managementofamajoremergencyinan
installationrequiresawell-coordinatedteam
withaseniormemberoftheinstallationactingas
headoftheemergencyteam.
HeiscalledtheChiefEmergencyCommander.
Anorganizationalstructureoftheemergency
managementteamshowingthereportingof
variouskeymembersshouldbemade.

30. EmergencyOrganizationandResponsibilitiesofKey
Members(Cont….)
Theresponsibilitiesofeachkeymembershould
beclearlywrittenandmadeknowntothe
member.
Themembersshouldbemadefamiliarwiththeir
rolesbyregulardrills/rehearsal.

31. Key Members and Their Contact Numbers
A key member for coordinating the following
functions of an emergency should be identified:
i.Operations
ii.Security
iii. Medical
iv. Rescue/Evacuation
v. Human Resources

32. vi. Emergency Maintenance and Repairs
vii. Emergency Materials
viii. Technical and Engineering Services
ix. Transportation
x.Public Relations
A list showing the contact telephone numbers of all
the key members should be made which should be
regularly updated to incorporate any changes. This
list should be available to each member to be kept
handy in his wallet.

33. EmergencyControlCentre
•Anemergencycontrolcentreinasafeplacein
theinstallationshouldbeidentified.
•Thiscentreshouldbeequippedwithnecessary
communicationequipmentliketelephones,
walkie-talkies,mobilephones,etc.,andalsowith
theessentialdocumentsoftheinstallation.
•Thechiefemergencycommanderandmostof
theemergencyteammemberswilloperatefrom
thiscentre.

34. Emergency Communication
•A reliable system of informing the various people
in the installation should be in place.
•This can be a siren or an alarm system, which is
audible in the whole installation.
•VHS radio can be used to communicate the
emergency situation to civic authorities and other
outside agencies, which need to be informed of
the emergency.

35. Emergency Response
The emergency plan should include the strategic
actions to be taken by various emergency groups
under the coordination of the respective key
members. Emergency response system should
include:
(1) How the emergency groups should approach an
emergency area
(2)Wind Direction
(3)Which route should be followed
(4)The various emergency actions
(5)Personal Protective Equipment to be used etc.

36. Rescue/Evacuation
Thisshouldinclude:
•Themeansofsafeevacuationandrescueof
personnellikelytobeaffectedorthosewhohave
alreadybecomethevictimsoftheemergency.
•Alternatelocationsforhousingtheevacuees
shouldbeidentified.
•Asafeassemblypointshouldbeidentifiedfor
eachplant/areaintheinstallationwherepeople
notrequiredduringtheemergencywillassemble
fromwheretheycanbeeasilytakenoutto
alternatelocations.

37. EmergencyResources
Thisplanshouldincludelistsofimportant
consultants/agenciesfromwhomadditionalhelp
couldbeobtainedincaseofemergencysituations.
Listsofimportantsuppliersandvendorsof
medicines,safetyequipments,firefighting
equipments,pollutioncontrolequipmentsetc.
shouldbeincluded.
Alltheseinformationsshouldbecompiledinthe
annexuretotheEmergencyPlan.

38. EndofEmergency
Theplanshouldidentifythearrangementsfor
declaringtheendofemergency.Thereshouldbea
propersiren/alarmtogivenunderthedirectionof
theChiefEmergencycommandertodeclaretheend
oftheemergency.

39. MockDrills
Theemergencyplanshouldberehearsedregularly
byconductingRegularmockdrillstokeepthe
emergencyteammembersrefreshedwiththeirroles
duringanemergency.
shouldbeconductedtochecktheresponseofthe
mutual-aidmembers.
Basedontheshortcomingsobservedduringmock
drills,theemergencyplanshouldbeupdated.
MockDrillshouldbeconductedeveryMonth/bi/tri
monthly/atleastonceyear.

40. Mutual Aid:
•Sometimestheinternalresourcesofan
organizationmaynotbeadequatetohandlea
majoremergencysituation.Insuchsituations,
externalhelpcanbesoughtfromtheneighboring
unitsandgovernmentagencies.
•Awrittenagreementshouldbemadewiththe
neighboringorganizationsintheareatohelp
eachotherwithadditionalresourcesincaseof
anyemergencysituationarisingintheir
installations.
•Thecontactnumbersforalltheseorganizations
shouldbeavailablewitheachorganization.

41. EmergencyInventories:
Itisnecessaryforeverypetroleuminstallationto
maintainaminimum inventoryofvarious
emergencyconsumablesandequipmentforfire
fighting,medical,pollutioncontrolandsafety.
Alistoftheseinventoriesshouldbeapartofthe
emergencyplan.
Regularphysicalcheckofstocklevelsofthese
inventoriesshouldbedoneagainstthislistand
immediateactionshouldbetakentoreplenishthem
ifrequired.

42. Conclusion:
Inspiteofalltheprecautionsandsafeprocedures
followed,thechanceofanemergencyarisingina
petroleumoperationcannotberuledout.
Thereforeagoodwrittenemergency/disaster
managementplanshouldbeinplace.