Disaster preparedness and mitigation

UG class ppt on disaster management and prevention in India.

1. Disaster Preparedness and Mitigation

2. 1.Introduction 2.Recent Indian Disasters ( disasters in India) 3.Disaster Management Framework 4.Mitigation measures 5.Preparedness measures 6.Disaster Preparedness in Pondicherry 7.Conclusion Contents

3. Disaster “Any occurrence, that causes damage, ecological disruption, loss of human life, deterioration of health and health services, on a scale sufficient to warrant an extraordinary response from outside the affected community or area” WHO

4. Drought prone Snowstorms,l andslides Cyclone ,Tsunami prone Floods prone Drought prone Fig.1.India Climatic Disasters Risk Map 68 % 8 % 2% 12% Earthquake 60% Source;Wikipedia - Disasters in India

5. Disaster management in India - MHA Floods in India 2005 Maharashtra 1094 deaths,167 injured 2006 Mumbai 3,390,000people affected 2008 North Bihar 527 Deaths 19323 livestock perished 3329423 affected 2010 Ladakh 255 deaths 133 crores - damages 2011 Orissa 45 deaths 35 lakhs people affected 2012 Brahmaputra floods 124 deaths (Assam) 514 animals deaths

6. Earthquakes in India 1905 - Himachal Pradesh - 20,000 deaths 1934 - Bihar - 5000 deaths 1993 - Maharashtra - 7,928 deaths - 30,000 injured 2001 - Gujarat - 25,000 deaths - 6.3 million affected 2005 - Kashmir - 86,000 deaths 2011 - Sikkim - 60 deaths - 710 injured Disaster management in India - MHA

7. Cyclones in India 1977 Andhra Pradesh 10,000 deaths 40,000 cattle deaths 40%India’sfood grains 2 . 1999 Orissa S uper Cyclone 10,000 deaths 4.5 billion damages 2008 Cyclone Nisha 204 Deaths $800 million damages 4. 2011 Thane Cyclone 41 deaths 343 cattle deaths 3,65,882 houses damaged 5. 2012 Neelam Cyclone 65 deaths 55 million damages (TN,AP) Disaster management in India - MHA

8. Tsunami in India 2004 TN, Kerala, Andhra, 10,749 deaths Pondicherry, 2.79 million people affected A&N islands 11,827 crops damaged Disaster management in India - MHA

9. Droughts in India 1972 Maharashtra 200 million people affected 1987 Haryana 300 million people affected 2009 Karnataka Agriculture crop loss (202 crores loss) The Great famine – 1876 - 5.5 million deaths The Indian famine – 1896 - 1.25-10 million deaths

10. The Bhopal gas tragedy on the night of 3 December, 1984, killed 15,274 people. But those who were yet to be born, were left with a life worse than death. Hindustan Times,2013

11. Classification of Disasters Disasters Natural Manmade Human causation either accidental or intended Any event of force of nature, due to environmental factors

12. Natural Disasters 1. Floods 2. Cyclones 3. Tsunamis 4. Drought 5. Tornadoes & Hurricanes 6. Hailstorm 7. Heat Wave & Cold Wave 8. Cloud burst 9. Snow Avalanches 10. Sea Erosion 1. Epidemics 2. Pest attacks 3. Food Poisoning 4. Cattle epidemics 1. Earthquakes 2. L andslides 3. Mudflows 4. Dam failures Water and climate related Biologically related Geologically related HPC Report-2009

13. Manmade Disasters Transport accidents Boat capsizing Electrical disasters& fires Forest fires Urban fires Village fires Major building collapse Serial bomb blasts Mine disasters Festival related Chemical & Industrial Disasters Nuclear Disasters Accident related Chemical ,industrial and nuclear related HPC Report-2009

14. Effects of major disasters Injuries, Deaths  Damage to the health facilities Damage to the water systems Population movements Food shortage Interruption in Public Health Services Increased risk of communicable diseases 2% loss of GDP (World Bank Report 2003)

15. Hazards cannot be prevented Impacts can be reduced Several inadequacies in the system Need of preparedness at any time Disaster Management Act 2005 Need of Institutional framework for Disaster Management

16. Legal and Institutional Framework Disaster Management Act 2005 NEC SEC Ministry of Home Affairs NIDM NDRF Capacity building Response purpose Planning, coordinating & implementing bodies

17. Preparedness Mitigation Response Rehabilitation Reconstruction Disaster Management Cycle Disaster Management Cycle Disaster event

18. Post Disaster Relief Pre Disaster preparedness

19. Responsibilities of various Ministries in Wake of Disasters

20. Mitigation Floods Earthquake Cyclone Tsunami Drought According to Disaster Management Act 2005, “Mitigation means measures aimed at reducing the risk, impact or effects of a disaster or a threatening disaster situation”.

21. 1. Flood 2. Earthquake 3. Drought 4. Cyclone GROUP ACTIVITY You have received an alert!! plan for before and after disaster..

22. Flood Earthquake Drought Cyclone

23. 311 flood management work schemes,19 states 1.33 billion hectares ,12.89 million people 1. Flood Mitigation measures

24. Flood Mitigation measures Farakka Barrage Dam in Srisailam Kosi Embankments

25. National Core Group for Earthquake Mitigation Assisting the states in appropriate BIS standards Systems for training of engineers , architects Evolving systems for training of masons Carry out awareness generation campaigns 2. Earthquake Mitigation measures

26. Earthquake Mitigation Project Building Materials & technology Promotion Council Evaluation and retrofitting of lifeline buildings Hospitals, schools , cinema halls, multi-storied apartments Financial assistance from Ministry of Finance Problem of existing buildings Earthquake Mitigation measures

27. Aim : Upgrade Cyclone Forecasting, warning Capacity Building Cyclone shelters, embankments Community mobilisation & training States Covered : Orissa, Andhra Pradesh Outcome Expected to benefit : 5.5 lakh people in Andhra Pradesh 5.6 lakh in Orissa 3. Cyclone Mitigation measures National Cyclone Risk Mitigation Project

28. Construction of Coastal walls Mangrove plantation Absorb tsunami energy Naluvedapathy in TN - minimal damage, minimal deaths - forest of 80,244 trees 4. Tsunami Mitigation measures

29. Tsunami Mitigation Mangroves in Pichavaram Sand dunes in Tuticorin Protection wall in Kalpakkam

30. Programmes to combat restore ecological balance 2. Drip irrigation systems 3. Construction of dams, embankments 4. Rain water harvesting 5. Drought Mitigation measures

31. Protection wall Irrigation canal Drought Mitigation measures Drip irrigation system

32. Preparedness encompasses all those measures taken before a disaster event which are aimed at minimizing loss of life, disruption of critical services and damage when the disaster occurs Preparedness Risk Assessment Adopts standards & regulations Communication, information & warning Ensure coordination & response mechanisms Creating Public awareness Disaster simulation exercises

33. s upervises & controls relief operations main functionaries to coordinate relief operations State Relief Commissioner State Crisis Management Group Officers from Revenue, Civil supplies, Power,Irrigation,Water supply, Panchayat Chief Secretary Deputy Collectors Emergency Operation Centre State level Administration

34. - Tahsildar Type of preparedness Concerned departments Mobilization of relief materials Village disaster management committee District (District Collector) Contingency plan Talukas Villages District level Administration Implementation of contingency plans

35. Disasters Agencies Cyclone Indian Meteorological department Tsunami Indian National Centre for Oceanic Information Services Floods Central water Commission Landslides Geological Survey of India Avalanches Snow and Avalanche Study establishment Disaster wise nodal agencies for Forecast

36. 1.Monitors the disasters 2.Advisories to the State Govt Receiving informations and communicating them to appropriate agencies Keep liaison with State Head Quarters Operationalising contingency plan Monitoring Relief Operations Emergency Operation Centres IMD CWC SASE

37. Disaster Response Force 1.National Disaster Response Force Up gradation of 10 Battalions All trained in natural disasters Each battalion – 18 teams, 45 personnel 2. Nearest Disaster R esponse Force – Chennai ( Arakkonam ) 3. Mock exercises, community awareness

38. Organisation of Medical setup State Chief Secretary District Collector District Hospital -curative -referral -outreach teams Medical team State level District level CMO Programme officers

39. Sanitation services Vector control measures Disease surveillance system Creating community awareness Public Health aspects of disaster management

40. Community – first responders Hazard awareness Do not use telephone , except to call for help Listen to radio/media for instructions Carry out the official instructions Keep a family emergency kit ready Creating Community awareness

41. Mitigation & Preparedness measures in Pondicherry

42. 1. Being prepared with financial assistance from NDMA & UNDP 2. At Panchayat / Ward level for all 4 regions 3. Risk Mapping and assessment of vulnerability 4. To be formulated to District & State Disaster Management Plan Disaster Management Plan

43. 1. Workshop conducted for finalization of Early Warning System 2. 279 Police Personnel imparted training 3. Orientation programme to all the Heads of departments 4. Training programme for Doctors, School Teachers 5. Training imparted for 150 Masons Activities under UNDP Disaster Risk Mitigation Programme

44. 1. Training of engineers to ensure seismically safer habitats 2. Establishment of system of training &certification of Engineers 3. Development of resource material for training 4. State Resource Institute - Pondicherry Engineering College 5. Trained 30 practicing Engineers 6. Purchased books for Rs.1 lakh National Programme for Capacity Building of Engineers in earthquake risk management

45. 1. Issue for Tsunami watch, alert, warnings 2. Origin, time, location, magnitude of earthquake 3. Detecting all earthquake of more than 6 magnitude 4. Tsunami warning within 60 min of earthquake Indian National Centre for Oceanic Information System(INCOIS)

46. 1.Puducherry Decision Support System (PDSS) - Planning, decision making, response 2.Toll Free -Disaster Response Call Centre 3. Communication equipments Very High Frequency (VHF) Radio Sets Videoconferencing, Fax, telephones Emergency Operation Centre in Pondicherry

47. 1. Tsunami Mockdrill 2011 2. Chemfab Mock drill 2012 3. Cyclone mock drill 2013 Mock drills in Puducherry Chemfab Mock drill

48. Proposed future activities in Pondicherry Construction of DM Training Institute Training to all Revenue officials ,Village DM Teams 3. To extend PDSS to Mahe and Yanam 4. Provision of vehicles for the EOCs, Firka Task Forces & Taluks 5. Mobile EOC – 2 nos. (Pondicherry and Karaikal )

49. 1. JIPMER Fire Safety Preparedness Committee- 2011 2. JIPMER fire safety plan formulated 3. Fire safety orientation programmes - staff/faculty 4. 150 volunteers from various departments trained 5. Dedicated phone-6999 installed for fire alert Disaster Preparedness in JIPMER JIPMER Fire Safety

50. 7. Fire extinguishers-procured 8. Effective fire alarm systems Signs for exits 10. Completed Fire drills at RCC , EMS, Admin.block JIPMER Fire Safety…

51. 1. Fire extinguishers-procured 2. PAS-public address system 3. Effective fire alarm system HLL –Final Stages 4. Signs for exits 5. Completed Fire drill at RCC ,EMS JIPMER Fire safety Thank u