Disaster Risk in India

disaster risk and its management

1. DISASTER RISKS IN INDIA & ITS MANAGEMENT SUBMITTED TO:- DR. S.K. SHARMA

2. Outlook What is disaster risk? Disaster Risks Elements at risks Disaster Risk In India Categories Of Certain Disaster Disaster management Cycle Aims Of Disaster Management Role Player In disaster Management.

3. What is Disaster Risk? Disaster risk is expressed as the likelihood of loss of life, injury or destruction and damage from a disaster in a given period of time .

4. Disasters Risks Many of them related to the climate which cause massive losses of  life and property .   Droughts,floods,cyclones,avalanches and landslides brought on by torrential rains, and snowstorms pose the greatest threats . A natural disaster might be caused by earthquakes, flooding, volcanic eruption, landslides, hurricanes etc.

5. ELEMENTS AT RISK People Livestock Rural Housing Stock Houses Vulnerable Crops, Trees, Telephone, Electric poles Boats, Looms, Working Implements Personal Properties Electricity, Water and Food Supplies Infrastructure Support

6. DISASTER RISKS IN INDIA One of the four most disaster prone countries. All types of natural disaster (except volcanic activity). 58.6 % of total landmass – prone to earthquake. 12% (40 million h)is prone to flood & river erosion. 5700 km. coastline – prone to cyclones & tsunamis. 68% cultivated area – vulnerable to drought. Hilly area are at risk from landslides.

7. While Bangladesh is among the top five countries at risk of disaster, India ranks 77 on the World Risk Index.

8. Based on disaster affinity: India can be categorized into 5 sub-divisions.

9. 1 . The northern mountain region (including foothills):- Snow storms, Landslides, cold waves, Heavy rainfall, Degradation of land & soil. The Indo- Gangetic plains :- floods The Deccan plateau :- Drought, Erratic rainfall and Earthquakes 4. The western desert :- Drought, Limited rainfall 5. The coastal areas :- Sea erosion, Cyclones, Tidal waves

10. COMMON DISASTERS DROUGHT :- Prolonged and severe moisture deficit –Adverse effect on vegetation, animal and man on a sizeable area (Warwick, 1975) Failure of South west and north east monsoon in India (GOI, 2000) Monsoon failure- Crop failure Water scarcity Shortage of food and feed for man / Animal Major categories of drought - Meteorological Agricultural Hydrological Socio-economic

11. Meteorological Long period of abnormal dry weather--- serious hydrological imbalance ( Huschke , 1959) Agricultural drought: Shortage of crop and grasses. Hydrologic Drought: Below average water content in streams, reservoirs', ground water, lakes and soils for long pd. ( Yevjevich et al ., 1977) Socio-economic: Increased demand for an economic goods– result of weather related shortfall in water supply

12. EARTHQUAKES Most seismically active regions in world- Himalayan mountain ranges Depending on their degree of seismicity the entire country can be divided in to seven regions (Gupta, 2001) Kashmir and the Western Himalayas The Central Himalayas North-East India The Indo- Gangetic Basin and Rajasthan Cambay and Ran of Kutch Peninsular India including Lakshadweep The Andaman and Nicobar Islands.

13. CYCLONES Low pressure centre surrounded by spiral thunderstorms strong winds and heavy rains. Indian Ocean is one of the six major cyclone-prone regions of the world ( Sen and Chander , 2003) Coast line: 7516 km. Due to the low depth ocean bed topography and the coastal configuration.

14. Most exposed states of India for Cyclones West Bengal Orissa Andhra Pradesh Tamil Nadu along the Bay of Bengal Gujarat & Maharashtra along Arabian Sea

15. FLOOD O verflow of water---covering by water of land not normally covered FOUR TYPES :- 1. Areal or rainfall 2. Riverine flood 3. Estuarine and coastal flooding 4. Catastrophic flooding

16. LANDSLIDES Average 2-5 minor/major landslides occur every kilometer in Garhwal Himalaya ( Tolia , 1997).

17. FIRE (Wild Fire) A  wildfire  or  wildland fire  is a fire in an area of combustible vegetation that occurs in the rural area

18. ROAD ACCIDENTS OF ANIMALS

19. HAZARD Damage Potential Elements at Risk Slopes of hills Sea & Sea-coast Low-lying Areas River/Stream Banks Natural Features Unsecured personal assets Livelihood tools / Equipment Public Infrastructure Agri. & Horticultural crops Weak Buildings Huts & Semi-permanent Houses People & Live-stock Societal Elements

20. DISASTER MANAGEMENT CYCLE

21. AIMS OF DISASTER MANAGEMENT Reduce (Avoid, if possible) the potential losses from hazards. Assure prompt and appropriate assistance to victims when necessary. Achieve rapid and durable recovery.

22. National Disaster Risk Management programme, Knowledge Networking is foreseen as an initiative to establish networks and partnership among prime government agencies, policy makers, disaster managers and specialists from allied fields of engineering, architecture, planning, seismology, hydrology, agriculture and social science to exchange information and working together to reduce the risk of disaster.

23. Role Players in Disasters People : Individuals, House -Holds, Volunteers Gram Panchayat : Sarpanch, Panchayati Secretary, Panchayati Members Village Elders : Caste/Community/ Religious, Leaders, Teachers, Doctors, Engineers, Retired Army & Police Personnel Govt. Dept. Officers : Agriculture, Medical, Engineers (Housing, Roads & Buildings, Irrigation) Revenue Department, Public Health, Police NGOs

24. SUBMITTED BY:- DR. VINAY KUMAR & DR. HARSHITA BHUMRA