Disaster risk reduction management grade 11

grade 12 drre subject

1. Vulnerabilities of Different Elements to Hazards Understanding Physical, Social, Economic, and Environmental Vulnerabilities

2. Introduction Vulnerabilities are determined by exposure to specific hazards. Key factors: Physical, Social, Economic, Environmental. Understanding these vulnerabilities helps improve mitigation strategies and preparedness.

3. Physical Vulnerability Factors: Population density Settlement location Site design and materials used Example 1: UP Visayas buildings destroyed during Typhoon Yolanda (2008). Example 2: Baguio earthquake (1990), population density decreased due to fatalities and injuries .

4. Social Vulnerability Factors: Inability of people, organizations, and societies to prevent severe effects. Impact of social structures, cultural values, and behaviors on hazard outcomes. Example: Disrupted communication lines during a typhoon. Transport system failures (e.g., flooding of roads, unpassable bridges). Delivery challenges (e.g., food and medicine shortages, spread of diseases)

5. Economic Vulnerability Factors: Economic status of individuals, communities, and nations. The poorer the community or country, the more vulnerable to disasters. Example 1: Philippines vs. Japan earthquake vulnerability. Philippines: High vulnerability due to lower economic resources. Japan: More resilient with better engineering and preparedness. Example 2: COVID-19 pandemic impact on low-income and informal workers.

6. Socioeconomic Vulnerability Combination of social and economic vulnerabilities. Example: Low-income populations are more vulnerable during natural disasters due to limited resources and preparedness.

7. Environmental Vulnerability Causes: Depletion and destruction of natural resources. Human activities like deforestation and burning of fossil fuels impact the environment. Consequences: Absence of trees leading to landslides and flash floods. Sometimes irreversible effects on the environment.

8. Quantifying Vulnerability Purpose: Estimating the severity of vulnerabilities for mitigation and preparedness. Vulnerability Scale: 0 = Lowest degree of vulnerability 1 = Highest degree of vulnerability Examples: People: Ratio of casualties or injuries to the total population. Buildings: Repair costs or degree of damage.

9. Vulnerability of the Philippines Factors contributing to vulnerability: Lies in the Pacific Typhoon Belt (20 typhoons annually). Rugged landscape, prone to landslides and mudflows. Archipelagic nature with islands below sea level. Longest shoreline (32,400 km) susceptible to storm surges. Primary agricultural and fishing economy. Poor institutional and social capacity to respond to disasters. High poverty levels. At risk to volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, and floods.

10. Conclusion The Philippines faces significant vulnerabilities due to its exposure to various hazards. Understanding and addressing these vulnerabilities is essential for improving disaster resilience. Mitigation, preparedness, and response strategies need to account for physical, social, economic, and environmental factors.

11. Direction. The following are different situational statements. Identify 3 elements that are vulnerable in each situation . 1. You are a secondary student. You are stranded in your school building. They have blocked off the entrances and exits because the grounds are flooded. You have been trying to call your family and trying to get news on your house, but the signal’s down. You have only gotten your books, notebooks, and laboratory materials in your bag and locker. What elements of vulnerability are present in the situation? ____________________________________________________________________________

12. Direction. The following are different situational statements. Identify 3 elements that are vulnerable in each situation . 2. You and your family is living in an apartment. You knew that the location you are residing is a flood risk area. The radio reports anticipated flooding, and you heard the rain pouring, so you prepared water bottle, some clothes, canned goods, and cash. You placed all your electronic appliances on top of the cabinets and tables and encased them in plastic covers. You’re ready to go out, but you don’t know where the evacuation center is. ____________________________________________________________________________

13. Direction. The following are different situational statements. Identify 3 elements that are vulnerable in each situation . 3. You and your family are very creative and artistic. You have got two younger sisters and one younger brother. Your mother owns several vases and portraits she has made herself. It occurs that there is a 2-minute earthquake of magnitude 6 and intensity 4 in your hometown. Your family panicked and put all the vases and portraits down the floor to prevent this from braking. ____________________________________________________________________________

14. Direction. The following are different situational statements. Identify 3 elements that are vulnerable in each situation . 4. Your father's on his way to a Manila work event. The bus stops unexpectedly at Bacoor, Cavite and the bus driver declares that they will soon suspend the operations because most of the roads are flooded and they are unable to proceed. All the passengers take a negative reaction. Your father forgot his cellphone, and because the signal is failing, he cannot call his officemates and family.

15. Direction. The following are different situational statements. Identify 3 elements that are vulnerable in each situation . 5. You are 84 years old and staying in your house in Quezon city. You are dependent on the house help which your daughter hired to take care of you. You have difficulty in talking and trying to tell the maid to turn on the radio and prepare food. You want to know what’s going on. You hear that there is a pandemic and the whole Luzon is under Enhanced Community Quarantine. Since you are susceptible to the virus and with your health condition, it is not advisable to deal and have physical contact with your family members. You want to know how your daughter and grandkids are doing in Cebu.

16. Thank You!