Disasters of Earthquakes and Types of Earthquakes

kinds of earthquake hazards

1. DISASTER readiness and risk reduction KATE NICOLE H. MONTECLARO DRRR- SUBJECT TEACHER

2. EARTHQUAKE HAZARDS

3. goals for today Differentiate earthquake hazards Plan an evacuation strategy

4. GROUP ACTIVITY

5. EARTHQUAKE the sudden release of strain energy in the Earth's crust, resulting in waves of shaking that radiate outwards from the earthquake source.

6. WHAT CAUSES AN EARTHQUAKE? The tectonic plates are always slowly moving, but they get stuck at their edges due to friction. When the stress on the edge overcomes the friction, there is an earthquake that releases energy in waves that travel through the earth's crust and cause the shaking that we feel.

7. types of earthquake hazards

8. ground rupture/ fault Faults are fractures on the Earth’s crust where blocks of rocks move relative to one another. It can be small and localized or hundreds of kilometers long. Ground rupture is the hazard associated with active faults. It refers to the displacement of the Earth's surface along active faults resulting in visible fracturing or cracking of the ground.

9. three main types of fault movement STRIKE SLIP FAULTS REVERSE FAULTS NORMAL FAULTS

10. NORMAL FAULT are fractures in which the hanging wall has moved downward relative to the footwall. Normal faults occur where two blocks of rock are pulled apart by tension.

11. are fractures where the hanging wall has moved upward relative to the footwall. Reverse faults occur where two blocks of rock are forced together by compression. REVERSE FAULT

12. STRIKE - SLIP FAULTS are fractures where the ground moves horizontally past each other. Left-lateral strike-strip faults are where the ground on the other side of the fault moves horizontally to the left while right-lateral strike-strip faults are where the ground on the other side of the fault moves horizontally to the right.

13. DIGDIG SEGMENT OF THE PHILIPPINES FAULT RICE PADDIES IN IMUGAN, NUEVA VIZCAYA

14. GROUND SHAKING is a term used to describe the vibration of the ground during an earthquake . Ground shaking is caused by body waves and surface waves.

15. The energy released by an earthquake is measured by Magnitude while the severity of an earthquake’s effect on people, structures, and the natural environment is measured by Intensity . Intensity can be assessed using different scales. In the Philippines, ground shaking is measured by the PHIVOLCS Earthquake Intensity Scale (PEIS) .

16. Strong ground-shaking impacts are widespread. It can cause building damage and collapse. Collapsed structures, falling, and toppled objects can lead to injuries and death. Fires can also happen when gas tanks, fuel pipelines, and electrical wires are damaged or flammable liquids spilled.

17. earthquake induced landslides landslide is the downslope movement of soil, rock, and debris due to ground shaking generated by an earthquake.

18. burying households and infrastructures block roads temporary damming of nearby rivers Landslides pose threats to human life by: LANDSLIDES

19. THREE PARTS OF A LANDSLIDE DESPOSITIONAL ZONE TRANSPORT ZONE SOURCE ZONE

20. liquefaction occurs when sediments behave like a liquid during strong ground shaking.

21. Sediments are typically found on lowlands near water bodies. These lowlands include beaches, deltas, riverbanks, reclaimed lands, and floodplains. For liquefaction to occur, such sediments must also be recently deposited, loosely packed, water-saturated, and sandy in composition. LIQUEFACTION

22. can cause sediment and water vents (more commonly known as sand boils) to form. deform the ground and cause subsidence, swelling, undulations, and fissures. LIQUEFACTION

23. tsunami is a series of waves caused by various geologic phenomena including undersea earthquakes, submarine landslides, meteor impacts, and volcanic eruptions.

24. can cause sediment and water vents (more commonly known as sand boils) to form. deform the ground and cause subsidence, swelling, undulations, and fissures. TSUNAMI

25. two types of tsunamis FAR-FIELD TSUNAMI LOCAL TSUNAMI

26. are generated by tsunamigenic events within the Philippine Region, typically within a hundred kilometers. Typical sources of local tsunamis are movement of offshore active faults and subduction zones surrounding the Philippines, local submarine landslides, and subaerial pyroclastic flows. LOCAL TSUNAMI

27. are those that were generated from sources in other regions surrounding the Pacific Ocean or the Celebes Sea. Far-field tsunamis can travel from 1 to 24 hours before reaching the coast of the Philippines. FAR-FIELD/ DISTANT TSUNAMI

28. USEFUL EARTHQUAKE PREPAREDNESS TIPS NINE

29. 01 Drop, Cover, and Hold On When you feel the shaking of an earthquake, drop down to your hands and knees. This position helps you stay balanced and prevent being knocked over. Take cover under a sturdy piece of furniture, such as a table or desk, to protect yourself from falling objects and debris. Hold on to your sheltered position and hold onto the furniture or other protective structure until the shaking stops.

30. 02 Follow Evacuation Procedures If there is a specific reason to evacuate the building, such as a fire or a structural issue, follow the established evacuation procedures of the building or the guidance of emergency personnel. Move calmly and quickly to designated safe areas or assembly points.

31. 03 Focus on Safety Panicking can cloud your judgment and impair your ability to think clearly. It may lead to irrational actions or decision-making that can increase the risk of harm to yourself and others.

32. 04 Follow Emergency Protocols During an earthquake, it is generally not advisable to use elevators or fire exits unless specifically instructed to do so by emergency personnel or building management. Familiarize yourself with the emergency protocols

33. 05 Glass Hazards During an earthquake, the shaking can cause windows to shatter or crack, leading to flying shards of glass. These broken glass pieces can cause severe injuries or lacerations if you are near the windows.

34. 06 Watch for Overhead Hazards During an earthquake, buildings may experience structural damage, and there is a risk of falling debris, such as bricks, glass, or other materials. Being close to buildings increases the chance of being hit by falling objects, which can cause severe injuries.

35. 07 Participate in Earthquake Drills Participating in earthquake drills helps familiarize individuals with the proper actions and procedures to follow during an earthquake. It allows you to practice the "Drop, Cover, and Hold On" technique, evacuation routes, and other safety protocols specific to your location.

36. 09 Be Updated Being updated on the latest information about potential hazards, such as earthquakes or other disasters, allows you to understand the risks associated with your location. This knowledge helps you make informed decisions regarding preparedness measures, evacuation plans, and safety precautions.

37. WHAT ARE THE STRENGTH AND WEAKNESSES OF EACH PROPOSED SOLUTION?

38. HOW CAN SAFETY MEASURES BE IMPROVED?

39. CAN WE SAY THAT OUR COMMUNITY IS DISASTER READY?

40. EVALUATION 1/4 sheet of paper