Disciplines in epidemiology general 2024

Disciplines in epidemiology general 2024

1. General Epidemiology
Disciplines of Epidemiology
MSc. Richard Arana Blas
Professor Researcher UNAN-
Managua/CIES
CENTER FOR HEALTH RESEARCH AND STUDIES
NATIONAL AUTONOMOUS UNIVERSITY OF NICARAGUA
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3. Field epidemiology is characterized
because it is focused on intervention to control a
disease. This intervention must also be as
immediate as possible. Obtaining information and
action is carried out "in the field", on the ground,
that is, in the epidemic territory
Field epidemiology
His practice is fundamentally focused on epidemiological
surveillance and outbreak investigation and control.
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4. Social epidemiology is the
branch of epidemiology
that studies the
social distribution and
social determinants of
health states.
Social Epidemiology
Social epidemiology is fundamentally focused on studies on social
inequalities in health, especially based on the comparison of the
distribution of indicators, such as perceived health, mortality,
prevalence of individual risk factors for chronic diseases or tumors,
or prevalence of mental illnesses. , with the distribution of
socioeconomic position indicators and even with the different
sociopolitical contexts
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5. Nutritional epidemiology studies the
determinants related to nutrition in the health
of the population. The main objective is the
monitoring of: food
consumption, nutrient intake and nutritional
status; provide evidence for decision making;
generate new hypotheses about the
relationship between diet and disease; and, in
addition, socio-cultural and political vulnerability
must be considered.
Nutritional Epidemiology
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6. Clinical epidemiology constitutes a bridge between epidemiology and the clinic and can be
defined as a science in which "epidemiological principles and methods are applied" to the
problems encountered in clinical medicine.
Clinical epidemiology
needs and evaluate the effectiveness
of health measures
of the population, in addition to measuring the
Objective: Know the state of health
implemented.
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7. Objective: Promote the appropriate use of drugs.
Pharmacoepidemiology, as a discipline that studies the effects
and consequences of the use of medications in human
populations,
It is based on the epidemiological method and its various
research designs, each of which has particular objectives and
characteristics, but all with the overall purpose of improving the
use of medications, preventing adverse events and their
associated factors;
Pharmacoepidemiology
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8. The objective is to know what possible differences exist in the genetic
characteristics of the infectious agents that affect populations.
Molecular epidemiology is a discipline that allows the integration of
information on the genetic variability of infectious pathogens with their
diffusion in the population and subgroups of the population, including, for
example, resistance mutations to antibiotics and antivirals.
Molecular epidemiology
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9. Environmental epidemiology is an area of
knowledge oriented to the study of the different
types of exposures and characteristics of
the environment that have a greater or lesser
impact on health and disease, using the
study and research methods of epidemiology.
Environmental epidemiology
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10. Identification and investigation of
hypotheses about the causal
relationship between risk and disease.
Identify and quantify those
risks.
It has 2 fundamental
purposes:
workplace exposures
frequency and distribution of diseases
such as the study of the effects of
Occupational epidemiology has been defined
and injuries in the population.
Occupational epidemiology
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11. Veterinary epidemiology is conceived
as a discipline whose
object of study is the understanding of
the problems of animal productive
health, including its organizational
basis and intervention
processes.
Veterinary epidemiology
https://www.ipsa.gob.ni/Gusano-Barrenador
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12. Disaster epidemiology is a recently emerged discipline. It tries to measure the
effects that a catastrophe causes on health.
Epidemiology of Disasters
e) Monitor and control contagious diseases and health
hazards after calamities.
3 practical
applications:
b) Conduct surveys with data collection to evaluate the
needs of the affected population.
a) Classify the effects of disasters on the health of the
population.
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