Discussion Guide for finals exam and midterms1.pptx

Not that great

1. 1 Global Divides: The North and the South

2. 2 Global North Global South 1. Home to all members of G8 and to four of the five permanent members of UN Security Council 1. Largely corresponds with the Third World. 2. United States, Canada, Western Europe 2. Africa Latin America 3. Developed parts of Asia, Australia and New Zealand 3. Developing Asia, including Middle East

3. 3 The Brandt line, a definition from the 1980s dividing the world into the wealthy north and the poor south.

4. Northern Hemisphere Rich, Industrialized Wealthy Nations  Democratic Capitalist Countries Southern Hemisphere Poor, Agricultural Developing Nations Non-Democratic Countries 4

5. Concepts of Sociological Relations Major Premise 95% of the North has enough food and shelter. Similarly, 95% of the North has a functioning educational system. In the South, on the other hand, only 5% of the population has enough food and shelter. Prevalent Lacks of appropriate technology, no political stability, the economies are disarticulated, and the foreign exchange earnings depend on primary product exports. 5

6. Concepts of Economic Relations Major Premise The North —with one quarter of the world population—controls four-fifths of the income earned anywhere in the world. 90% of the manufacturing industries are owned by and located in the North. Inversely, the South —with three quarters of the world populations—has access to one-fifth of the world income. Prevalent The countries with capital will unfortunately become investors of countries incapable of developing industry. the deregulation of policies and laws is the way to attract investors. 6

7. Concepts of Natural Resources Relations Major Premise The South's lack of development and the high level of development of the North deepen the inequality between them and leave the South a source of raw material for the developed countries. The north becomes synonymous with economic development and industrialization while the South represents the previously colonized countries which are in need of help in the form of international aid agendas. Prevalent An aftermath effects of Age of Imperialism of the western world. 7

8. Concepts of Global Relations Major Premise The underdevelopment of certain states/peoples and their lack of representations in global political process is a reality Prevalent Imbalances of Aggregate economics and political power between states Interstate dimensions 8

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10. 10 Implications The sameness represents the cultural homogenization that many critics have associated with globalization. (Same as the rich influenced the poor). The spaces of affluence in the developing world may mirror the Global North The spaces of underdevelopment in developed countries may mirror the poverty of the Global South.

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12. 12 Implications The global economic integration is not inevitable given the rise of new technologies; it is, more importantly, a normative international goal. (Globalism Steger) The Dominant ideology of colonialism and the topic that shaped the birth of international order.

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14. 14 Implications Outlined the historical progression terms of a society’s capacity to produce and consume material goods. (Modernization Theory, Rostow ).

15. Week 8 ASIAN REGIONALISM 15

16. HIERARCHY: First World- Western Capitalist Countries Second World-Soviet Union and its Allies Third World- all others not in 1 st and 2nd 16

17. After Cold War- 2 nd World Countries became null and void There comes Global North and Global South 17

18. ASIAN REGIONALISM Regionalism is a relatively new aspect of Asia’s rise. Asia’s economies are increasingly connected through trade, financial transactions, direct investment, technology, labor and tourist flows, and other economic relationships. 18

19. Regional economic cooperation is essential for addressing these challenges. Asia’s economic rise is unprecedented. The region is home to over half the world’s population, produces three tenths of global output (in terms of purchasing power), and consistently records the world’s highest economic growth rates. 19

20. Asian economies are principally connected through markets— but where markets lead, governments are following. Asian leaders have committed to work together more closely and have already taken concrete steps in some areas. The 1997/98 financial crisis, in particular, was an important catalyst for this new regionalism and gave rise to a range of new initiatives 20

21. How can regionalism benefit Asia? link the competitive strengths of its diverse economies in order to boost their productivity and sustain the region’s exceptional growth; connect the region’s capital markets to enhance financial stability, reduce the cost of capital, and improve opportunities for sharing risks; 21

22. cooperate in setting exchange rate and macroeconomic policies in order to minimize the effects of global and regional shocks and to facilitate the resolution of global imbalances; pool the region’s foreign exchange reserves to make more resources available for investment and development; 22

23. exercise leadership in global decision making to sustain the open global trade and financial systems that have supported a half century of unparalleled economic development; build connected infrastructure and collaborate on inclusive development to reduce inequalities within and across economies and thus to strengthen support for pro-growth policies; and create regional mechanisms to manage cross-border health, safety, and environmental issues better. 23

24. How can Asian regionalism benefit the world? generate productivity gains, new ideas, and competition that boost economic growth and raise incomes across the world; contribute to the efficiency and stability of global financial markets by making Asian capital markets stronger and safer, and by maximizing the productive use of Asian savings; 24

25. diversify sources of global demand, helping to stabilize the world economy and diminish the risks posed by global imbalances and downturns in other major economies; provide leadership to help sustain open global trade and financial systems; and create regional mechanisms to manage health, safety, and environmental issues better, and thus contribute to more effective global solutions of these problems. 25

26. Week 9 GLOBAL MEDIA CULTURES (Manual: turn to page 86) 26

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28. Cultural Imperialism and the Global Media Debate In international communication theory and research, cultural imperialism theory argued that audiences across the globe are heavily affected by media messages emanating from the Western industrialized countries. 28

29. In the early stage of cultural imperialism, researchers focused their efforts mostly on nation-states as primary actors in international relations. They imputed rich, industrialized, and Western nation-states with intentions and actions by which they export their cultural products and impose their sociocultural values on poorer and weaker nations in the developing world. 29

30. This argument was supported by a number of studies demonstrating that the flow of news and entertainment was biased in favor of industrialized countries. This bias was clear both in terms of quantity, because most media flows were exported by Western countries and imported by developing nations, and in terms of quality, because developing nations received scant and prejudicial coverage in Western media. 30

31. The global media debate was launched during the 1973 General Conference of the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) in Nairobi, Kenya. As a specialized agency of the United Nations, the mission of UNESCO includes issues of communication and culture. 31

32. Globalization - a set of multiple, uneven and sometimes overlapping historical processes, including economics, politics, and culture, that have combined with the evolution of media technology to create the conditions under which the globe itself can now be understood as “an imagined community”. 32

33. The two concepts have been partners throughout the whole of human history. “Globalization and media have created the conditions through which many people can now imagine themselves as part of one world.” 33

34. Evolution of Media and Globalization To understand further the study of globalization and media, it is important to appreciate five periods of the evolution of media and globalization. 34

35. Language allowed human to cooperate. It allowed sharing of information. Language became the most important tool as human being explored the world and experience different cultures. It helped them move and settle down. It led to markets, trade and cross-continental trade. 35 1. Oral Communication

36. Language was important but imperfect, distance became a strain for oral communication. Script allowed human to communicate over a larger space and much longer times. It allowed for the written and permanent codification of economic, cultural, religious, and political practice. 36 2. Script

37. It started the “information revolution”. It transformed social institutions such as schools, churches, governments and more. Elizabeth Eisenstein (1979) surveyed the influences of the printing press. 1. It changed the nature of knowledge. It preserved and standardized knowledge. 2. It encouraged the challenge of political and religious authority because of its ability to circulate competing views. 37 3. The Printing Press

38. The vast reach of these media continues to open up new vistas in the economic, political, and cultural processes of globalization. Radio- quickly became a global medium, reaching distant regions. Television- considered as the most powerful and pervasive mass medium. It brought together the visual and aural power of the film with the accessibility of radio. 38 4. Electronic Media

39. Digital Media are often electronic media that rely on digital code. Many of our earlier media such as phones and tvs are now considered digital media. In the realm of politic computer allowed citizens to access information from around the world. 39 5. Digital Media

40. “Is it possible for Gobalization to occur without media?” 40

41. Media have linked the globe with stories, images, myths and metaphors. Global Imaginary- the globe itself as imagined community. Global Village Marshall McLuhan Media have connected the world in ways that create a global village. As McLuhan predicted media and globalization have connected the world. However, the “global village have brought no collective harmony or peace. Why do think so? 41 Global Imaginary and Global Village

42. Media fosters the conditions for global capitalism. “Economic and cultural globalization arguably would be impossible without a global commercial media system to promote global markets and to encourage consumer values” – Robert Mc Chesney 42 Media and Economic Globalization

43. Though media corporations are themselves powerful political actors, individuals journalists are subject to intimidations as more actors contend for power. In the age of political globalization: government shape and manipulate the news. Is this also true for Philippines? Media complicate politics…how? 43 Media and Political Globalization

44. Media on one level are the carriers of culture. It generates numerous and on-going interactions Globalization will bring about and increasing blending or mixture of cultures. What is the role of media in the blending or mixture of culture? 44 Media and Cultural Globalization

45. Technologies of transport, of information and mediation, including social media platforms, have made possible the circulation of cultural commodities such as music. Circulation of cultural commodities are consumed to gain cultural capital and social status. Goods and commodities became a catalyst that set globalization. 45 Popular Music and Globalization

46. GLOBALIZATION OF Prepared by: diana rose d.p Natividad, lpt. RELIGION

47. Religions endeavor to communicate a meaning and purpose to human life and relationships. Religions present a core teaching on how human life can lead to fulfillment and lasting happiness; they indicate a path of salvation or liberation in this life and in the hereafter.

48. What are the Types of Religion? Monotheistic Religions Polytheistic Religions Animistic or Traditional Religions

49. DIFFERENT RELIGIONS OF THE WORLD There are many different types of religions, including the major world religious traditions that are widely known as well as much lesser-known belief systems of smaller populations. Some of these represent monotheism, or the belief in a single god, while others are examples of polytheism, or the belief in multiple gods.

50. Let’s take a look at the religious composition of the world when accounting for regions:

51. What is the Role of Religion in your life?

52. Religion in the New Global War Mark Juergensmeyer

53. When Mohammed Atta boarded the airline on September 11, 2001 that soon thereafter slammed into the World Trade Center towers, he left behind a manual of instruction. Apparently prepared by his colleagues in the al Qaeda network, it instructed him and his fellow activists how to behave and what to do in preparation for their fateful act. What is interesting about this document is not only the text, but the subtext. Lying beneath the pious rhetoric of the manual and its eerie ties to the World Trade Center tragedy are hints about the perplexing issue of the role of religion in the contemporary world, and answers to the persistent question, how could religion be related to such vicious acts of political violence? The common sense way of putting this question about the September 11 attack and all of the other recent acts of religious terrorism is “what’s religion got to do with it?”

54. The common sense answers to this question are varied, and they are contradictory. On the one hand some political leaders—along with many scholars of comparative religion—have assured us that religion has had nothing to do with these vicious acts, and that religion’s innocent images have been used in perverse ways by evil and essentially irreligious political actors. On the other hand there are the radio talk show hosts and even a few social scientists who affirm that religion, especially Islam, has had everything to do with it—and not just ordinary religion, but a perverse strain of fundamentalism that has infected normal religion and caused it to go bad.

55. Broad-based militant Islamist organization founded by Osama bin Laden in the late 1980s.

56. The Role of Religion The authority of religion has given bin Laden's cadres the moral legitimacy of employing violence in their assault on the very symbol of global economic power Though the World Trade Center assault and many other recent acts of religious terrorism have no obvious military goal, they are meant to make a powerful impact on the public consciousness.

57. Religious Terrorism A type of political violence motivated by an absolute belief that an otherworldly power has sanctioned—and commanded—terrorist violence for the greater glory of the faith

58. Global War The World Trade Center employees killed in the September 11 assault were citizens of 86 nations. The network of perpetrators was also transnational: the al Qaeda network that was implicated in the attack--though consisting mostly of Saudis--is also actively supported by Pakistanis, Egyptians, Palestinians, Sudanese, Algerians, Indonesians, Malaysians, Filipinos, and a smattering of British, French, Germans, Spanish and Americans .

59. Empowering Religion Such religious warfare not only gives individuals who have engaged in it the illusion of empowerment, it also gives religious organizations and ideas a public attention and importance that they have not enjoyed for many years. To be abandoned by religion in such a world would mean a loss of their own individual locations and identities. In fashioning a "traditional religion" of their own making they exposed their concerns not so much with their religious, ethnic, or national communities, but with their own personal, perilous selves.

60. What is Secularization?

61. Transnational Religion and Multiple Globalizations Religion is the oldest of global institutions. Religious diasporas began when the Jews left Canaan. The conquerors and missionaries who disseminated Catholicism throughout the world created a lasting global religious empire. But what is different about today?

62. One thing is the way in which people move. While most earlier migrants cut off their ties to the countries they came from, contemporary migrants often remain connected to their countries of origin at the same time that they are being integrated into the countries that receive them. Many earn their livelihood across borders, sustain at least partial long-term membership in two polities, and enact their social and emotional lives transnationally. Their ability to live lives that cross borders changes religious practices as well. A transnational religious relationship emerges that transforms religious life in both settings.

63. Religion in Global Conflict Religious ideas, values, symbols and rites relate to deep issues of existence; it should not be surprising when religion enters the picture in times of crisis. The ere of globalization brought with it three (3) enormous problems, namely: IDENTITY ACCOUNTABILITY SECURITY

64. Religion provides answer to these concerns: It provides a sense of identity Traditional religious leadership provides a sense of accountability Religion offers a sense of security

65. World Religion Day Thoughts World Religion Day is about the different religions of the world, working together to make the world a better place for everyone. Write down all the words that people should try to think about when making the world a better place.

66. THE GLOBAL Prepared by: CITIES DIANA ROSE D.P NATIVIDAD, LPT.

67. ANONG ALAM MO? DESCRIBE A GLOBAL CITY

68. if ? ACTIVITY If you had the chance, choose where would you like to move from the following cities:

69. The City That Never Sleeps

70. The Emerald City

71. Eastern Capital

72. WHAT IS A GLOBAL CITY? DEFINITIONS

73. Cosmopolitanism It is the phenomenon most readily associated with the global city. Large, diverse cities attract people, material and cultural products from all over the world. The idea of cosmopolitanism invokes pleasant images of travel, exploration, and ‘worldly’ pursuits enjoyed by those who have benefited from globalization Everyday life is significantly shaped by commercial culture, retail and shopping as well as cross cultural variety of food, fashion, entertainment and various other consumables and artifacts.

74. TOP CITIES RANK BY NUMBER OF LARGE COMPANY 2013 AND 2019

75. BRANDING OF GLOBAL CITIES GLOBAL CITY LAB, 2019

76. CHARACTERISTICS OF A GLOBAL CITY LONGHORN,2015

77. Global Cities are livable cities because: 1. They provide jobs that pay an adequate wage. 2. They provide basic services, including safe water and adequate sanitation 3. They are void of discriminatory practices 4. People have access to educational opportunities and health care 5. People are not at risk of forced eviction

78. 8. The cities are governed through inclusive local democratic processes 6. People enjoy security of tenure in affordable housing 7. People live in communities that are safe and environment that are clean

79. It measures the global power of cities using the combination of six (6) criteria: ✓ Economy ✓ Research and Development ✓ Cultural Interaction ✓ Livability ✓ Environment ✓ Accessibility

80. 1. As opposed to limiting the ranking to particular areas of research such as “Finance” and “Livability,” the GPCI focuses on a wide variety of functions in order to assess and rank the global potential and comprehensive power of a city. 2. 44 of the world’s leading cities were selected and their global comprehensive power evaluated based on the following viewpoints: six main functions representing city strength (Economy, Research and Development , Cultural Interaction, Livability, Environment, and Accessibility), and five global actors who lead the urban activities in their cities (Manager, Researcher, Artist, Visitor, and Resident), thus providing an all-encompassing view of the cities

81. 4.This ranking has been produced with the involvement of the late Sir Peter Hall, a global authority in urban studies, as well as other academics in this field. It has been peer reviewed by third parties, all international experts from both the public and private sectors 3.The GPCI reveals the strengths and weaknesses of each city and at the same time uncovers problems that need to be overcome.

82. Key Findings of the GPCI-2017 GPCI-2017 Characteristics

83. In the GPCI-2017 comprehensive ranking, the top five cities all maintain their respective positions from last year . These cities have remained in the top 5 for nine consecutive years.

84. LONDON (NO. 1)

85. New York (No. 2)

86. Tokyo (No. 3)

87. Paris (No. 4)

88. Sydney (No. 10) climbs four spots this year to edge its way into the top 10 for the first time in seven years. Cities such as Los Angeles (No. 11), Beijing (No. 13), and San Francisco (No. 17) also largely improve their rankings from last year

89. Sydney (No. 10)

90. Los Angeles (No. 11)

91. Beijing (No. 13)

92. San Francisco (No. 17)

93. By region, the European cities on the whole score highly in Livability and Environment. The cities of Asia, which rank highly overall, earn strong scores in Economy.

94. Trends for the Top 3 Cities

95. London, the No. 1 city in the comprehensive ranking for the sixth year in a row, further extends its lead over the competition by improving its scores for such indicators as GDP Growth Rate and Level of Political, Economic and Business Risk in Economy, and for Attractiveness of Dining Options and Number of Visitors from Abroad in Cultural Interaction.

96. New York (No. 2) increases its scores for the Economy indicators of Nominal GDP and GDP Growth Rate, but fails to make any significant headway in comprehensive score, having returned weaker scores this year in Cultural Interaction indicators such as Number of World-Class Cultural Events Held and Livability indicators like Variety of Retail Shops

97. Tokyo claimed the No. 3 ranking for the first time last year and closes the gap on New York (No. 2) this year. This is a result of the American city’s score stalling while Tokyo continues to improve every year in the Cultural Interaction indicator of Number of Visitors from Abroad . However, Japan’s capital city slips from No. 1 to No. 4 in Economy due to weaker scores in “Market Size” and “Market Attractiveness.”

98. Results for New Cities in GPCI-2017

99. Dubai and Buenos Aires make their first-ever appearances in the GPCI in 2017 with respective comprehensive rankings of No. 23 and No. 40

100. Dubai boasts strengths in Cultural Interaction (No. 9) and Economy (No. 11) mainly thanks to strong evaluations for Corporate Tax Rate in Economy, and Number of Luxury Hotel Guest Rooms in Cultural Interaction.

101. Given these characteristics of a global city……. CAN THE CITY OF MANILA, THE PHILIPPINE CAPITAL BE CONSIDERED A GLOBAL CITY?