Diseases_of_the_Cornea_and_Lens.pptxb keratitis

Diseases_of_the_Cornea_and_Lens.pptxb keratitis

1. Diseases of the Cornea and Lens Overview of common disorders affecting the cornea and lens of the eye.

2. Diseases of the Cornea The cornea is the transparent front part of the eye that helps focus light. Corneal diseases can cause vision loss if untreated.

3. Keratitis Definition: Inflammation of the cornea. Causes: Infection (bacterial, viral, fungal, parasitic), trauma, contact lenses. Symptoms: Pain, redness, tearing, blurred vision, photophobia. Treatment: Antimicrobial, antiviral, or antifungal therapy depending on cause.

4. Corneal Ulcer Definition: Open sore on the cornea due to severe infection or injury. Symptoms: Severe pain, redness, discharge, vision loss. Treatment: Intensive antibiotics; corneal transplant if scarring occurs.

5. Keratoconus Definition: Progressive thinning and cone-shaped bulging of the cornea. Symptoms: Distorted vision, sensitivity to light, frequent prescription changes. Treatment: Glasses, rigid lenses, cross-linking, or corneal transplant.

6. Corneal Dystrophies Definition: Genetic disorders causing abnormal material buildup in the cornea. Examples: Fuchs’ endothelial dystrophy, lattice dystrophy. Treatment: Eye drops for mild cases; corneal transplantation for severe cases.

7. Diseases of the Lens The lens focuses light on the retina. Its clarity is essential for vision.

8. Cataract Definition: Clouding of the lens leading to decreased vision. Causes: Aging, trauma, diabetes, steroid use, congenital. Symptoms: Blurred vision, glare, faded colors, poor night vision. Treatment: Surgical removal and intraocular lens implantation.

9. Presbyopia Definition: Age-related loss of lens elasticity causing near vision difficulty. Symptoms: Trouble reading or focusing on close objects. Treatment: Reading glasses, bifocals, or multifocal lenses.

10. Lens Dislocation (Ectopia Lentis) Definition: Displacement of the lens from its normal position. Causes: Trauma or genetic disorders (e.g., Marfan syndrome). Symptoms: Blurred or double vision, visual distortion. Treatment: Corrective lenses or surgical repositioning/removal.