disparity fefnejfm Regional disparity refers to the uneven distribution of economic, social, and infrastructural resources and opportunities across different geographic regions within a country .pptx

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1. What is regional disparity? Regional disparity refers to the uneven distribution of economic, social, and infrastructural resources and opportunities across different geographic regions within a country. This imbalance manifests in various forms: Economic Disparities: Differences in income levels, employment opportunities, industrialization, and economic growth rates. Urban areas typically have higher incomes and more job opportunities compared to rural areas. Social Disparities: Variations in access to quality education, healthcare, and social services. Some regions may boast better schools, hospitals, and social infrastructure, leading to significant differences in living standards. Infrastructural Disparities: Differences in the availability and quality of infrastructure such as transportation networks, communication systems, and utilities. Well-developed regions tend to have better roads, public transport, and access to essential services like electricity and clean water.

2. Analysis of regional disparity after Sopher’s Index In 1974, David E. Sopher 1 st applied the Disparity Index to measure the disparity between rural-urban literacy group. The Sopher disparity index or Sopher Index measures disparity between two groups in their possession of a particular property in terms of the logarithm of the odds ratio. Method was developed by David V. Sopher in 1974. It measures inter-personal disparity between two groups of people or two regions. It uses log scale. It uses data of variable in % figure. Range of obtained index : Obtained value or result starts from zero (‘0’) with no upas limit. Inference on obtained result : Sopher’s index zero (‘0’) will infer there is no disparity between two group of persons or two regions under study, however higher value will infer higher disparity.   Formula : Where , D refers to disparity index X 1 refers to lower value X 2 refers to higher value The objective of taking log is to reduce the levelling off effect i.e., regions with higher literacy rate may show a lower level of disparity than the region having low literacy rate even though the gap is the same for both regions. The formula is well accepted by different Planners & Geographers like Kundu & Rao, 1986; Mulimani & Pujar , 2015; Biswas, 2016).

3. Significance of the Value of Sopher Index The Sopher Index provides a quantitative measure of disparity between two groups or regions, particularly in terms of literacy rates. The significance of the index value can be understood as follows: Zero Value (DI = 0): Interpretation: A Sopher Index value of zero indicates no disparity between the two groups or regions under study. This means that the literacy rates (or other measured property) of both groups are equal. Implication: Policies and development efforts in this context have been effective in creating equality between the groups. Low Positive Value: Interpretation: A low positive value suggests a small disparity between the groups. While there is some difference, it is not substantial. Implication: The groups or regions are relatively balanced, though minor efforts might still be required to achieve complete parity. Moderate Value: Interpretation: A moderate value of the Sopher Index indicates a noticeable disparity. The gap between the two groups or regions is more pronounced and requires attention. Implication: Policymakers need to identify and address the underlying causes of disparity to prevent it from widening further.