Distribution of lead ores in india

Geological detail of distribution of lead ores in india

1. CONTENTS Introduction Lead Properties of l ead Chief ores o f lead Distribution of lead in India Uses of lead C onclusion References

2. INTRODUCTION Lead was probably one of the first metals to be produced by man because it is highly malleable, easy to smelt and work with.

3. INTRODUCTION Lead was probably one of the first metals to be produced by man because it is highly malleable, easy to smelt and work with. . Romans used it for making iron pins to hold large stone blocks for buildings.

4. INTRODUCTION Lead was probably one of the first metals to be produced by man because it is highly malleable, easy to smelt and work with. . Romans used it for making iron pins to hold large stone blocks for buildings. Ancient Indians possessed the knowledge of mining, metals and alloys; the literary evidence of which is evidenced in Kautilya's ‘ Arthsastra ’, a treatise on mining and metals written in about 400 BC.

5. INTRODUCTION Lead was probably one of the first metals to be produced by man because it is highly malleable, easy to smelt and work with. . Romans used it for making iron pins to hold large stone blocks for buildings. Ancient Indians possessed the knowledge of mining, metals and alloys; the literary evidence of which is evidenced in Kautilya's ‘ Arthsastra ’, a treatise on mining and metals written in about 400 BC. India’s present need for lead is met mostly by imports from foreign countries. .

6. INTRODUCTION Lead was probably one of the first metals to be produced by man because it is highly malleable, easy to smelt and work with. . Romans used it for making iron pins to hold large stone blocks for buildings. Ancient Indians possessed the knowledge of mining, metals and alloys; the literary evidence of which is evidenced in Kautilya's ‘ Arthsastra ’, a treatise on mining and metals written in about 400 BC. India’s present need for lead is met mostly by imports from foreign countries. The total world productions of lead metal in 1990 were about 5.7 million tonnes , to which India’s contributions were about 0.7%(0.040 m.tonnes ) lead .

7. INTRODUCTION Lead was probably one of the first metals to be produced by man because it is highly malleable, easy to smelt and work with. . Romans used it for making iron pins to hold large stone blocks for buildings. Ancient Indians possessed the knowledge of mining, metals and alloys; the literary evidence of which is evidenced in Kautilya's ‘ Arthsastra ’, a treatise on mining and metals written in about 400 BC. India’s present need for lead is met mostly by imports from foreign countries. The total world productions of lead metal in 1990 were about 5.7 million tonnes , to which India’s contributions were about 0.7%(0.040 m.tonnes ) lead . USA, Russia, Japan, Germany, UK, Canada, France, Australia, Belgium, and China together produce majority of the world production of refined lead

8. INTRODUCTION Lead was probably one of the first metals to be produced by man because it is highly malleable, easy to smelt and work with. . Romans used it for making iron pins to hold large stone blocks for buildings. Ancient Indians possessed the knowledge of mining, metals and alloys; the literary evidence of which is evidenced in Kautilya's ‘ Arthsastra ’, a treatise on mining and metals written in about 400 BC. India’s present need for lead is met mostly by imports from foreign countries. The total world productions of lead metal in 1990 were about 5.7 million tonnes , to which India’s contributions were about 0.7%(0.040 m.tonnes ) lead . USA, Russia, Japan, Germany, UK, Canada, France, Australia, Belgium, and China together produce majority of the world production of refined lead

9. LEAD Lead( Pb ) occurs in native state, but it is quite rare.

10. LEAD Lead( Pb ) occurs in native state, but it is quite rare . The metal is bluish grey in colour & shows on its fresh surface a bright metallic lustre which quickly oxidises on exposure to air.

11. LEAD Lead( Pb ) occurs in native state, but it is quite rare. The metal is bluish grey in colour & shows on its fresh surface a bright metallic lustre which quickly oxidises on exposure to air. It is so soft that it can be scratched with finger-nail and shows a black streak on paper.

12. LEAD Lead( Pb ) occurs in native state, but it is quite rare. The metal is bluish grey in colour & shows on its fresh surface a bright metallic lustre which quickly oxidises on exposure to air. It is so soft that it can be scratched with finger-nail and shows a black streak on paper. Its high Sp.Gr of 11.34 makes it heavy.

13. LEAD Lead( Pb ) occurs in native state, but it is quite rare. The metal is bluish grey in colour & shows on its fresh surface a bright metallic lustre which quickly oxidises on exposure to air. It is so soft that it can be scratched with finger-nail and shows a black streak on paper. Its high Sp.Gr of 11.34 makes it heavy. It is highly resistant to corrosion, hence is used for storage of acids

14. LEAD Lead( Pb ) occurs in native state, but it is quite rare. The metal is bluish grey in colour & shows on its fresh surface a bright metallic lustre which quickly oxidises on exposure to air. It is so soft that it can be scratched with finger-nail and shows a black streak on paper. Its high Sp.Gr of 11.34 makes it heavy. It is highly resistant to corrosion, hence is used for storage of acids. Deposits of lead are either of hydrothermal (cavity –filling and replacement) or of sedimentary origin.

15. LEAD Lead( Pb ) occurs in native state, but it is quite rare. The metal is bluish grey in colour & shows on its fresh surface a bright metallic lustre which quickly oxidises on exposure to air. It is so soft that it can be scratched with finger-nail and shows a black streak on paper. Its high Sp.Gr of 11.34 makes it heavy. It is highly resistant to corrosion, hence is used for storage of acids Deposits of lead are either of hydrothermal (cavity –filling and replacement) or of sedimentary origin.

16. PROPERTIES OF LEAD Colour -metallic gray Streak - lead gray Luster -Metallic Diaphaneity -opaque Cleavage -None Hardness -2 to 2.5 Specific Gravity - 11.34 Diagnostic Properties - Luster , streak Chemical Composition - Pb Crystal System -Isometric

17. CHIEF ORES OF LEAD Galena( PbS ) Cerussite (PbCO 3 ) Anglesite(PbSO 4 )

18. DISTRIBUTION OF LEAD IN INDIA

19. 85% of the lead deposits if India occur in Rajasthan . The important lead deposits of India include Rampura-Agucha ( Bhilwara district), Rajpura-Dariba and Sindesar ( Rajsamand district), Zawar ( Udaipur ), Sawar and Kayar-Ghugra (Ajmer district), Basantgarh and Deri ( Sirohi district) in Rajasthan; Mineralisation occurs along several belts in rocks of the Aravalli ( Ca +1400 my) and Delhi ( Ca +740 my) Supergroups and in pre- Aravalli ( Ca +2200 my) rocks. RAJASTHAN

20. Rampura-Agucha Lead-Zinc Mines

21. Rampura-Agucha Lead-Zinc Mines

22. ANDHRA PRADESH Galena occurs at Chityala and Chelima in Kurnool district, Karempudi in Guntur district and Zangamrajupalle in Cuddapah district. Galena is also reported to occur near Chintakunta in Nalgonda district and Jestaipalli in Khamam district. These deposits and occurrences are mostly hosted in rocks of the Cuddapah Supergroup and to a lesser extent in rocks of the Kurnool Group, Pakhal supergroup

23. JHARKHAND Occurrences of argentiferous lead ore had been located in Hazaribagh district. Galena is found in parts of Singhbhum , Ranchi, Hazaribagh and Palamau districts but with little chance of success in their working. The GSI has taken up investigation in some parts of the State

24. MADHYA PRADESH Lead-ores, often argentiferous , are on a fairly large scale. Mahanadi River near Padampur , Bilaspur district. Occurrences have been reported at Ranitalao near Chicholi , Thelkadand Karamatara in Durg district, Bhelaunda and Chiraikhurd in Sarguja district, Andar in Shivpuri district and near Kurol in Gwalior district. In Madhya Pradesh, basemetal deposits and occurrences have been recorded from Malanjkhand granitoid belt, Bhundelkhand granite complex and the Mahakhosal and Vindhyan Groups of rocks.

25. KARNATAKA Lumps of galena were found at Metri , 40 kms north-west of Bellary during 1951-52; but detailed prospecting by drilling and pitting has shown that the deposits are not of economic importance. Some minor occurrences of lead-ore are known near Ingaldhal in Chitradurga district. These deposits and occurrences are mostly hosted in rocks of the Dharwar supergroup .

26. ODISHA The lead-ore deposits were located along a 35 km belt of the Sargipalli in Sundargarh , Kesarpur in Mayurbhanj district,Karmali in Sambalpur . During the year 1986 the district of Sundargarh produced 5,451 tonnes of lead concentrate. Lead mineralization forms part of the southern extension of the Singhbhum Copper belt of Jharkhand.

27. GUJARAT Lead ores are found in Ambamata-Chitrasani in Banasakantha District , Khandia in Vadodara district

28. WEST BENGAL Small pockets of argentiferous galena, cerussite and sphalerite occur in the dolomite bands in Buxa Duars area of Jalpaiguri district. Lead-ores occur also in a number of other places in Darjeeling and western Duars area. In the district of Darjeeling 2.27 million tonnes of probably recoverable reserves have been estimated in which each of the lead and zinc metals, are estimated at 56 thousand tonnes . Lead-zinc deposit occurs in the Daling Group (Precambrian to early Cambrian age) which consists mainly grey green or green chlorite-quartz- sericite schist/ phyllite , sericite -chlorite quartzite, quartzmagnetite rock, mylonites , epidiorites , etc.

29. USES OF LEAD Lead is the main constituent of lead-acid batteries

30. USES OF LEAD Lead is the main constituent of lead-acid batteries It is widely used as a coloring agent in stained glasses for reducing the radiation transmission .

31. USES OF LEAD Lead is the main constituent of lead-acid batteries It is widely used as a coloring agent in stained glasses for reducing the radiation transmission . Due to its high specific gravity it is used as fishing sinkers and in balancing wheels of vehicles.

32. USES OF LEAD Lead is the main constituent of lead-acid batteries It is widely used as a coloring agent in stained glasses for reducing the radiation transmission . Due to its high specific gravity it is used as fishing sinkers and in balancing wheels of vehicles . It is also used in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic for coating the electrical metal wires, and for shielding from radiation in x-ray laboratories.

33. USES OF LEAD Lead is the main constituent of lead-acid batteries It is widely used as a coloring agent in stained glasses for reducing the radiation transmission . Due to its high specific gravity it is used as fishing sinkers and in balancing whee.ls of vehicles. It is also used in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic for coating the electrical metal wires, and for shielding from radiation in x-ray laboratories. In electronics its use as soldering agent is well known.

34. USES OF LEAD Lead is the main constituent of lead-acid batteries It is widely used as a coloring agent in stained glasses for reducing the radiation transmission . Due to its high specific gravity it is used as fishing sinkers and in balancing whee.ls of vehicles. It is also used in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic for coating the electrical metal wires, and for shielding from radiation in x-ray laboratories. In electronics its use as soldering agent is well known. Molten lead is used as a coolant in lead cooled fast reactors.

35. USES OF LEAD Lead is the main constituent of lead-acid batteries It is widely used as a coloring agent in stained glasses for reducing the radiation transmission . Due to its high specific gravity it is used as fishing sinkers and in balancing whee.ls of vehicles. It is also used in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic for coating the electrical metal wires, and for shielding from radiation in x-ray laboratories. In electronics its use as soldering agent is well known. Molten lead is used as a coolant in lead cooled fast reactors. Lead has many applications in building constructions e.g. sheets as architectural metals in roofing, cladding, flashings, gutters and joints, etc.

36. CONCLUSION Occurrence of metallic or native lead is very rare.

37. CONCLUSION Occurrence of metallic or native lead is very rare. It occurs as ore minerals mostly associated with zinc-cadmium-silver, and some copper ores in varied geological environments and different rock formations. .

38. CONCLUSION Occurrence of metallic or native lead is very rare. It occurs as ore minerals mostly associated with zinc-cadmium-silver, and some copper ores in varied geological environments and different rock formations. A total of 59 ore minerals of lead are known but the most common are galena ( PbS ), cerussite ( PbCO 3 ), anglesite (PbSO 4 ) and minium (Pb3O 4 ).

39. CONCLUSION Occurrence of metallic or native lead is very rare. It occurs as ore minerals mostly associated with zinc-cadmium-silver, and some copper ores in varied geological environments and different rock formations. A total of 59 ore minerals of lead are known but the most common are galena ( PbS ), cerussite ( PbCO 3 ), anglesite (PbSO 4 ) and minium (Pb3O 4 ). India has 176.8 Mt recoverable reserves of lead-zinc ore as on April 2000.

40. CONCLUSION Occurrence of metallic or native lead is very rare. It occurs as ore minerals mostly associated with zinc-cadmium-silver, and some copper ores in varied geological environments and different rock formations. A total of 59 ore minerals of lead are known but the most common are galena ( PbS ), cerussite ( PbCO 3 ), anglesite (PbSO 4 ) and minium (Pb3O 4 ). India has 176.8 Mt recoverable reserves of lead-zinc ore as on April 2000. The important deposits of lead are in the states of Rajasthan, Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Bihar, Orissa and West Bengal.

41. CONCLUSION Occurrence of metallic or native lead is very rare. It occurs as ore minerals mostly associated with zinc-cadmium-silver, and some copper ores in varied geological environments and different rock formations. A total of 59 ore minerals of lead are known but the most common are galena ( PbS ), cerussite ( PbCO 3 ), anglesite (PbSO 4 ) and minium (Pb3O 4 ). India has 176.8 Mt recoverable reserves of lead-zinc ore as on April 2000. The important deposits of lead-zinc are in the states of Rajasthan, Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Bihar, Orissa and West Bengal.

42. REFERENCES Umeshwar Prasad ; 2014 , Economic Geology-Economic Mineral Deposits. CBS Publications, pp. 109-114 K.M Bangar; 2014, Principles of Engineering Geology, Standard Publishers, pp. 349-351 K.V.G.K. Gokhale & T.C Rao;1973, Ore Deposits of India, Thomson Press Ltd, pp.86-88 Digital Resources: http://www.portal.gsi.gov.in/portal/page?_ pageid=127,771815&_dad=portal &_ schema=PORTAL http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead

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