Diuretics and CA inhibitors

which increase the excretion of urine by kidney. They leads to the secretion of excess water and salt that accumulate in tissues and urine, results in decrease in the body fluids.

1. [email protected] Lecture-3 Medicinal Chemistry-II Surendra Kumar Assistant Professor KNIMT, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sultanpur DIURETICS & CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS

2. A diuretic is any substance that promotes diuresis , the increased production of urine . This includes forced diuresis . There are several categories of diuretics. All diuretics increase the excretion of water from bodies, although each class does so in a distinct way. Alternatively , an antidiuretic , such as vasopressin ( antidiuretic hormone), is an agent or drug which reduces the excretion of water in urine . INTRODUCTION

3. CLASSIFICATION OF DIURETICS

4. MECHANISMS OF DIURETIC DRUGS

5. SIDE EFFECTS OF DIURECTICES Dizziness. Headaches. Dehydration. Muscle cramps. Joint disorders (gout) Impotence . CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors are a class of pharmaceuticals that suppress the activity of carbonic anhydrase . Their clinical use has been established as anti-glaucoma agents, diuretics, antiepileptics , in the management of mountain sickness, gastric and duodenal ulcers, idiopathic intracranial hypertension, neurological disorders, or osteoporosis .

6. ACETAZOLAMIDE (DIAMOX ) IUPAC Name: N-( 5-sulfamoyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl) acetamide MECHANISM OF ACTION Acetazolamide is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor. That means this drug works to cause an accumulation of carbonic acid by preventing its breakdown. The result is lower blood pH, given the increased carbonic acid, which has a reversible reaction into bicarbonate and a hydrogen ion.

7. USES Acetazolamide is used in people with certain types of glaucoma to reduce the amount of fluid in the eye, which decreases pressure inside the eye . Acetazolamide is also used as a diuretic ("water pill") in people with congestive heart failure, to reduce the build-up of fluid in the body. This build-up is called edema . Acetazolamide is also used to treat certain types of seizures, and to treat or prevent altitude sickness . Acetazolamide may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide .

8. METHAZOLAMIDE IUPAC Name: N-( 3-methyl-5-sulfamoyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-ylidene) acetamide MECHANISM OF ACTION Methazolamide is a potent inhibitor of carbonic anhydrase . Inhibition of carbonic anhydrase in the ciliary processes of the eye decreases aqueous humor secretion, presumably by slowing the formation of bicarbonate ions with subsequent reduction in sodium and fluid transport .

9. USES Methazolamide is used to treat glaucoma (a condition in which increased pressure in the eye can lead to gradual loss of vision). It is used as a diuretic. It is also used antineoplastic activity .

10. DICHLORPHENAMIDE IUPAC Name: 4, 5-dichlorobenzene-1,3-disulfonamide MECHANISM OF ACTION Dichlorphenamide is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor. However, the precise mechanism by which dichlorphenamide exerts its therapeutic effects in patients with periodic paralysis is unknown .

11. USES Dichlorphenamide is used to treat occasional paralysis (loss of movement) caused by high or low levels of potassium in your blood. It is used in the treatment of glaucoma .

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