DNA Structure

PPT about DNA Structure.

1. BIRLA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY TOPIC – DNA STRUCTURE DIVYANSH PARMARTHI ROLL NO. :- MCA/25016/18

2. DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid, more commonly known as DNA, is a complex molecule that contains all of the information necessary to build and maintain an organism. DNA is found inside a special area of the cell called the nucleus.   The cell is very small, and because organisms have many DNA molecules per cell, each DNA molecule must be tightly packaged. This packaged form of the DNA is called a chromosome.

3. Nearly every cell in a multicellular organism possesses the full set of DNA required for that organism . A small amount of DNA can also be found in the mitochondria where it is called mitochondrial DNA or mtDNA .

4. DNA STRUCTURE DNA is a molecule composed of two chains that coil around each other to form a double helix. The outsides of the molecule  are made of deoxyribose sugars alternating with phosphates . This part of the molecule is sometimes called the “backbone”. the strands run in opposite directions this is indicated by the 3-prime (3') and 5-prime (5') notation, and are referred to as "anti-parallel". DNA is made up of molecules called nucleotides. 

5. The inside of the molecule are made of the nucleotide bases Cytosine, Guanine, Adenine, and Thymine.   C bonds to G by three hydrogen bonds. A bonds to T by two hydrogen bonds.  A and G are double ringed structures called " purines ". C and T are single ringed structures called " pyramidines ".

6. These nucleotide bases are the information carrying part of the molecule, and it is the differences in the repeating sequence of Cs, Gs, As and Ts that make us all unique.

7. Deoxyribose is a pentose sugar containing five  carbon  atoms. With phosphate bases , d eoxyribose forms the backbone of the DNA, binding to the nitrogenous bases adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine. 

8. Adenine - Adenine is one of the two purine   nucleobases used in forming nucleotides of the nucleic acids. In DNA, adenine binds to thymine via two  hydrogen bonds  to assist in stabilizing the nucleic acid structures.Chemical Formula C 5 H 5 N 5. NUCLEOTIDES

9. Thymine - Thymine is one of the four  nucleobases in the nucleic acid of  DNA.   In DNA, thymine (T) binds to adenine (A) via two hydrogen bonds, thereby stabilizing the nucleic acid structures.  Chemical Formula C 5 H 6 N 2 O 2. Guanine – Guanine binds to cytosine through three hydrogen bonds. Chemical Formula C 5 H 5 N 5 O.

10. Cytosine - Cytosine  is a pyrimidine . Cytosine   form three hydrogen bonds with guanine. Chemical Formula C 4 H 5 N 3 O.

11. CHEMICAL STRUCTURE OF DNA

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