DOING PHILOSOPHY introduction to philosophy grade 12 quarter 1

introduction to human philosophy

1. WHAT IS PHILOSOPHY? Comes from two Greek words:philos (love) and Sophia (wisdom) “Love of wisdom” Discipline that uses human reasons to investigate the ultimate causes, reasons, and principles which govern all things. Peoples who engage in philosophy are called “philosophers” or “lovers of wisdom”

2. Most notable ancient Greek philosopher: Pythagoras - Mathemtatician and scientist. “Pythagorean theorem” Heraclitus -proposed that everything that exists is based on a higher order or plan which he called “ logos”.For him “ change is a permanent aspect of the human condition. ”No man ever steps in the same river twice” Democritus -study the causes of natural phenomena.First to propose that matter is composed of tiny particles called atome .

3. Diogenes of Sinope -advocate of living a simple and virtuous life.Influenced the development of schools of philosophy such as Cynicismand Stoicism. Epicurus - Epicureanism, a school of philosophy which believes that wisdom and simple living will result in a life free of fear pain. Socrates - foremost philosopher of ancient times. Socratic method -means of examining a topic by devising a series of questions that let the learner examine and analyze his knowledge and views regarding the topic.

4. Plato - Dialectic -method of inquiry where two opposing ideas are discussed in an attempt to arrive at new knowledge. Founding of the Academy. Aristotle- All ideas and views are based on perception and our reality is based on what we can sense and perceive . Deductive reasoning-the process by which specific statements are analyzed to reach a conclusion or generalization.

5. Why is there a need to philosophize? Man’s need to philosophize to his sense of wonder (Plato) The need to philosophize to doubt (Descartes) Need to philosophize because of experience (Karl Jaspers) The need to philosophize is driven by the love for wisdom (Socrates)

6. How do we characterize the study of philosophy? A way of analyzing frameworks . A framework is defined as a way of thinking about the world and is composed of the views and beliefs of a person. Questions dealing with our own correctness and values are considered internal questions which can be addressed using our own personal frameworks. External questions seek to question the very framework upon which people base their own beliefs and views.

7. How do we characterize the study of philosophy? As an examination of a particular area of knowledge. A distinct area of knowledge with its own goals, concerns, and ways of doing things. a.Aesthetics - philosophy which deals with beauty and what makes things beautiful. b.Logic - deals with correct reasoning c.Epistemology - discuss the nature of knowledge and knowing.

8. d.Ethics - deals with moral questions aand dilemmas e.Political Philosophy- studies governments F.Metaphysics - deals with questions regarding reality and existence. G. philosophy of the Human Person- philosophy that understands the human person from a philosophical perspective.

9. 2 Important facts about Philosophizing: 1. Philosophy is a reflective and mediative activity 2. a method of mental exercise. “When one imagines certain alternatives and possible outcomes, one already engages in philosophy”

10. Difference between holistic thinking and partial thinking Holistic thinking- considers large-scale patterns in systems.This is often described as looking at the “big picture” when describing and analyzing a situation or problem.Requires an individual to have an open mindset and an ability to get the general sense or impression regarding a situation. Partial thinking- focuses on specific aspects of a situation. It is an important component of analytical thinking.

11. How does one engage in reflection? Reflection requires a person to be willing to examine one’s thoughts, feelings, and actions and to learn more about one’s life and experiences. Reflections is vital in ensuring that our actions and decisions are well thought out and are done with due regard for their implications and consequences on ourselves, others, and our surroundings. Reflections helps us understand ourselves and our actions better.

12. Practical uses of Philosophy in our lives: Philosophy enables a person to engage in critical analysis and interpretation of concepts, definitions, arguments, and problems. Philosophy also improves problem-solving and decision making. A philosopher is a good communicator who can clearly and adequately present his or her ideas. Wisdom Can contribute to self-development