Dolichos seed production

Dolichos seed production

1. Advances in Seed Production
Methodology in Dolichos Beans

Dr. B.R. RaghuDr. B.R. Raghu
Scientist (Plant Breeding)Scientist (Plant Breeding)
Division of Vegetable CropsDivision of Vegetable Crops
IIHR, BANGALOREIIHR, BANGALORE
[email protected]@iihr.res.in

2. INTRODUCTION
Dolichos bean, [Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet] is
an important leguminous vegetable of India.
It is mainly grown for its tender green pods.
Mature fresh green seeds are also used as
vegetable and dry seeds as pulse.
Dolichos is rich in protein, minerals and vitamins
and fiber.
It is grown both as commercial crop and also in
the gardens and back yards.
Dolichos bean is also known as hyacinth bean or
Indians bean. In northern Indian it is commonly
called sem.

3. INTRODUCTION
Dolichos is grown in states like Maharashtra,
Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, UP, and North East
India. It is s also popular in many South Asian
countries and in Africa.

4. Types
There are two types of dolichos bean, which are commonly
cultivated:
1. Lablab purpureus var. typicus: The pod walls are
parchment less; hence whole pod is used in cooking.
Majority are pole types with varied pod size and colour. Few
bush types were developed in India through breeding. Both
pole types and bush types are commercially grown.
2. Lablab purpureus var. lignosus: It is also known as field
bean. Here, pod walls contain high amount of fiber and
hence whole pod is unsuitable for consumption. Only
mature green seeds and dry seeds (pulse) are edible. It is
very commonly cultivated as rain fed crop between June to
January particularly in states like Karnataka and Andhra
Pradesh. In this group also, both pole and bush types are
available.

5. Season and Temperature
Dolichos bean is relatively cool season crop, The
bush types which are photo insensitive, can be grown
during all the three seasons.
 Pole types however are photosensitive. Hence,
they are sown usually during June – July and fruiting
is between November and January and sometimes
extending up to February.

6. Soil
 A well-drained humus rich sandy loam soils is
suited for growing dolichos. It thrives well under
wide range of soils if proper drainage is provided.

7. Varieties
Bush types: IIHR, Bangalore was the premier
institute to develop two dwarf bush photo insensitive
vegetable dolichos. These are Arka Jay and Arka
Vijay.
Arka Jay: Leaves are light green. Flowers are purple.
Pods are light green and slightly curved, bulged
along the mid line and are without aroma. Pod yield
12 t/ha. in 85 days.
Arka Vijay: Plants are slightly shorter than Arka Jay.
Leaves dark green. Flowers white. Pods are dark
green, nearly flat, seeds bold. Pod yield 12 t/ha. in 85
days.
Other bush type from IIHR: Arka Amogh, Arka
Sowmya, Arka Sambhram

8. Varieties
Konkan Bushan: This was released by Konkan
Krishi Vidyapeeth, Maharashtra. It is a medium tall
variety. Flowers white. Pods green. Pod yield 12 to
14 t/ha. in 90 to 100 days. Besides, many private
companies have also released bush types in recent
years.
Pole types: Pusa Early Prolific is a selection made
at the IARI, New Delhi, is a promising vegetable
types in dolichos bean. Swarna Ukrisht was recently
released through AICRP by the HAF institute
Ranchi. TNAU, Coimbatore has released many Co
varieties of dolichos. JDL 53 (Jabalpur) was
developed by JNKVV, Jabalpur. Arka Swagath and
othre 6 pole types dolichos released by IIHR

9. Inputs
Seed rate: 35 kg/ ha. for bush varieties
and 4 kg/ha. for pole varieties.
Farm yard manure: 10 t/ha.
Inorganic fertilizers per hectare:
 N 25 kg; P 75 kg; K 60 kg

10. Spacing
Bush type: 60 x 10 cm
Pole type : 1.0 x 0.75 mt

11. Land preparation
Bring the soil to fine tilth
Apply full dose of farm yard manure
Mix half dose of N and full dose of P and K fertilizers
and apply in the form of bands
Make the ridges of 3 to 4 meters long
Heap the soil over these bands to make planting Heap the soil over these bands to make planting
ridges. The ridges can be 3 to 4 meters longridges. The ridges can be 3 to 4 meters long
Irrigate two days before sowingIrrigate two days before sowing

12. Seed treatment and
sowing
•Treat the seeds with Captan or Bavistin (2g/kg.of
seeds) to prevent root rot diseases.
•The ideal time for sowing the bush varieties is in
the first fortnight of June, October and February.
The pole and semi pole varieties are sown during
June – July. Sowing is done when the soil is in
condition (wet and friable). Open slender shallow
furrows on one side of the ridges. Dibble seeds in
shallow furrows. Cover seeds with thin layer of
soil.

13. Irrigation,weeding and
earthing up
Irrigate the plot two days after the sowing and
thereafter at every 4 to 5 days interval depending up
on availability of moisture. No excess moisture
Keep the plots weed free. Two hand weeding before
earthing up and fortnightly weeding thereafter may
be done
Apply remaining half dose of N after 25 to 30 days of
sowing before flowering and earth up

14. Plant protection
Rust, septoria, cercospora leaf spot and yellow
mosaic virus are common. Spraying Sulfex 2 g/liter
can control rust. Septoria and Cercospora leaf spot
can be controlled by spraying Dithane M45 2 gm /
liter.
 White flies transmit yellow mosaic viruses. These
vectors can be controlled by spraying
monocroptophos 1.5 ml/litre. The spray can be
repeated for controlling aphids and pod borers.
 Mites can be controlled by spraying Kelthane 2 ml
per liter

15. Harvesting and Yield
Pods can be harvested when they are mature,
tender and are fully-grown. In field bean green seeds
should be mature and bold before harvesting.
 In bush varieties pod yield ranges between 10 to
12 tonnes per hectare.
 In pole varieties it s is 15 to 20 tonnes per ha.

16. Arka Jay (Bush)
Yield potential: Pod
yield of 12 t/ha
Duration: 75 days

17. Arka Vijay (Bush)
Yield potential: Pod yield of 12 t/ha
Duration: 75 days

18. Arka Soumya (Bush)
Yield potential: Pod yield of 19 t/ha
Duration: 75 days

19. Arka Amogh (Bush)
Yield potential: Pod yield
of 19.85 t/ha
Duration:75 days

20. Arka Sambhram (Bush)
Yield potential: Pod yield
of 19.0 t/ha
Duration:75days

21. Arka Swagath (Pole)
Yield potential: Pod yield
of 26.0 t/ha
Duration:120days
Photo-insensitive

22. Arka Prasidhi (Pole)
Yield potential: Pod yield
of 37.0 t/ha
Duration:120days
Photo-insensitive

23. Arka Vistar (Pole)
Yield potential: Pod yield
of 37.0 t/ha
Duration:120days
Photo-insensitive

24. Curry leaves

25. Curry leaf (Murraya koenigii (L.) Spreng., syn. Bergera koenigii L., Chalcas
koenigii (L.) Kurz., 2n = 18), a popular perennial leafy vegetable, is an
aromatic, pubescent, deciduous shrub or small tree growing up to 6 min
height.
Rich sources of calcium and vitamin A (ß-carotene)
100g of fresh leaves contains: 830mg of Ca; 12,600 I.U. of vitamin A (ß-
carotene); 57mg of Phosphorous; 7mg of Iron; 2.3mg of nicotinic acid; 4mg
of vitamin C
Besides, moisture, 63.2-66.3%; fiber, 6.4-6.8%; protein, 6.1%;
carbohydrates, 18.7%; fat (ether extract), 1.0%; mineral matter, 4.2% and
ash, 13%
Usage: Culinary, pharmaceutical
INTRODUCTION

26. Package of practices
Temperature: 16-30
0
c (not less than 16
0
c)
Soil: Red sandy loam soil
Varieties: DWD-1 (Suhasini) and DWD-2
Planting : Seeds/seedling
July-August
Spacing: 3 X 1.5 mt
Fertilizers: 50g: 25g: 25g
300g: 50g: 50g
10kg FYM/Pit
Diseases: leaf spot (Mancozeb 2g)
Leaf Yield: 20-25 t/ha

27. Thank you