DOORDARSHAN KENDRA BHOPAL

TRAINING REPORT ON DOORDARSHAN KENDRA ,BHOPAL,MP

1. SAGAR INSTITUTE OF RESEARCH & TECHNOLOGY PRESENTED BY DEEPAK KUMAR SINGH 0133EC151050

2. OVERVIEW TRANSMISSION INTRODUCTION TV STUDIO EARTH STATION

3. CONTENT GLIMPS E O F DD K BHOPAL INT RO D UCTION T E L E VIS I O N S T ANDA R DS FUNDA M EN T AL S O F T E L E VIS I O N SYS T EM TV S T UDIO MSR EA R TH S T A T I ON O B V AN ANT E ENA & S A T E L LIT E TRA N S M IT T E R

4. GLIMPS E O F DD K BHOPAL

5. INT R ODU C TION Process of sending information to a distant place is called Broadcasting. DOORDARSHAN = Distant + Show Means of Broadcasting in India: 1.Terrestrial. 2.Satellite . 3.Internet. Both AIR and DD make use of both Terrestrial and Satellite. Doordarshan is a public broadcast terrestrial Channel run by Prasar bharati.

6. INT R ODU C TIO N c n t d …… Broadcasting started on 27 th nov. 1975. The colour transmission service of National channel started from 15 th aug 1982. The regular colour transmission service from studio was started in 1984. DD has 1500 Transmitters and 70 Production centers across the Country. One of the largest broadcasting organizations in India in terms of the infrastructure of studios and transmitters. Doordarshan Kendra, Patna was inaugurated on the 13th October 1990.

7. TELEVISION STANDARDS NTSC-National television standards committee(US) (525 Horizontal & 60 vertical lines) SECAM-System electronics for colour avec memory(FRANCE)(625 vertical & 50horizantal lines) PAL- Phase Alternating lines(GERMANY)(625 horizontal & 50 vertical line) Television standards used in India is PAL

8. C O L OU R COMPOSIT E VID E O SIGNAL

9. TELEVISIO N C OMMUNI C A TION S Y S TEM AUDIO AMPLIFIER F M M O D U L A T OR F M SOUND T R ANSMI T TER MIC. CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR RF AMPL I F I ER POWER AMPLIFIER SCANNIN G C I R C U IT COMBINING NETWORK DEPLEXER CAME RA VIDEO AMPLIFIER AM MODULATION AMPLIFIER

10. TV STUDIO A television studio, is an installation room in which video productions take place, either for the recording of live television to video tape, or for the acquisition of raw footage for post-production. Studio hall contains many devices for shooting. Like lighting , microphone, makeup room, Furniture, Cameras and sound absorbers

11. C o m p o n e n t s o f T V s t ud i o Cam e ra Li g hti n g Micro p h o nes V isi o n mix e r a n d A u d io co n so les MSR

12. CAMERA camera is an optical instrument that records images that can be stored directly, transmitted to another location, or both. These images may be still photographs or moving images such as videos or movies . A TV camera consist of three section. Optical part - To form optical image. Transducer - To convert optical image in to electrical signal. Electronic part - To process output of a transducer to get a CCVS ( colour composite video signal). CCD Camera are used for recording.

13. TV STUDIO- LIGHTING Hard lighting Soft lighting  Use gels to control the which in beyond control to match it.  Never avoid the lighting mismatch  T y p es

14. TV STUDIO-SOUND  Sound is important for establishing mood and intensifying an event  The sound track helps us to connect the visual fragments of the relatively small, low-definition television image to form a meaningful whole

15. VISION MIXER A vision mixer (also called video switcher, video mixer or production switcher ) is a device used to select between several different video sources and in some cases mix video sources together and add special effects. It has many input sources such as cameras, VCR/ server, Graphics/Character Generators,etc. Out of these input, any source can be taken as output. Sources can be changed as cut to cut, dissolve, wipe and other special effects.

16. MSR I t is th e heart of th e studio. Most of the switching electronics is kept e.g. camera base stations, switcher main frame, SPG, Satellite receivers, MW link, DDA & most of the patch panels. Signal is routed through MSR. Signal can be Monitored at various stages

17. MS R - W orkf l o w

18. E A R T H S TA TION Earth Station is a very important part of satellite communication system for broadcasting of signals. It is an uplink center from which the signals are fed to Satellite for distribution in a specified area covered by the Satellite. The signal is up-linked from the Earth Station and received by many down link centers in TV broad casting via PDA. Two Types: 1) Analog, 2) Digital Digital Earth Stations are widely used because of various advantages over analog .

19. Major Components of Digital Earth Station PD A (Para b o l ic D i s h Ante n na) FEED Wave Gu i de / Low Loss C a b l e HP A (TW T A, K l ys t ro n s) Up c o n vert e r Mo d u l ator E n cod e r M u l ti p l e x e r IRD (I n te g rate d Rece i ve r Decoder)

20. E A R T H S T A TION D ow n Li nk i n g P r oce s s E A R T H S T A TION Up li n k i n g p r oce s s

21. EARTH STATION T A N SMITTER/R E CEIV E R THE PROCESS OF TRANSMISSION D TH R E CEIV E R TV D O W N L I NKING U P L I NKING 40 SATTELITE

22. O B Va n 41 Outside broadcasting (OB) is the electronic field production (EFP) of television or radio programmes (typically to cover television news and sports television events) from a mobile remote broadcast television studio.

23. ANTENNA & S A TELLITE An antenna (or aerial ) is a transducer designed to transmit or receive electromagnetic waves. In other words, antennas convert electromagnetic waves into electrical currents and vice versa.

24. Isotropic antenna (idealized) Radiates power equally in all directions. Dipole antennas- Half-wave dipole antenna (or Hertz antenna) Quarter-wave vertical antenna (or Marconi antenna) Parabolic Dish / Reflective Antenna

25. TRANS M I T TER Aid of antenna Produces radio wave Connect earth station to satellites Also connect television A television transmitter is a device which broadcasts an electromagneti c signal to the television receivers. Television transmitters may be analog or digital. Types of Transmitters (1)VLPT’s (2)LPT’s (3)HPT’s DDK Patna Has 6 HPT’s, 24 LPT’s ,2 VLPT’s.

26. 54 T V S T U DIO PCR T x R oom MSR T x E / S D TH Se r vi c e O B V an DS N G V an R x cabl e T V R x E /S H P Tx R x d i s h TV DD A r ch i v es S A T F eed R oom