DP meters.pptx

Differential Pressure Meters

1. PRESENTATION ON HEAD OR DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE METER By : McCurtis Akpojaro (VOLTSON ENGINEERING TRAINEE) 7/30/2019

2. Presentation Outline What is Differential pressure Differential Pressure Flow Meter Technology Elements of a Differential Pressure Flow Meter Operating principle of a DP flowmeters Differential Pressure Measurement Equation Differential Pressure Meter Characteristics Types of Differential Pressure Flowmeters 2

3. What is Differential pressure ? “Differential pressure is defined as the difference of pressure measurements between two points in a system” 3

4. Differential Pressure Flow Meter Technology Differential pressure flowmeters, also known as DP flowmeters , works according to Bernoulli's Law. Bernoulli's Law states “Energy can't be created nor destroyed”. 4

5. Bernoulli's Principle In Fluid Dynamics In fluid dynamics, Bernoulli's principle states that an increase in the speed of a fluid occurs simultaneously with the decrease in pressure or a decrease in the fluid’s potential energy. Daniel Bernoulli 5

6. Elements o f a Differential Pressure Flow Meter A differential pressure flow meter (DP flow meter) combines three essential elements: The primary element is something inside the pipe that creates a change in pressure . The second element is a structure connecting the primary element and the pressure created by it to the transmitter. This covers impulse lines, tubing, valves, and other mechanical bits. The transmitter reads the pressure change and converts it to numbers we can read . 6

7. Operating principle of a DP flowmeters Differential pressure flowmeters introduce a constriction in the pipe that creates a pressure drop across the flowmeter. When the flow increases, more pressure drop is created. Impulse piping routes the upstream and downstream pressures of the flowmeter to the transmitter that measures the differential pressure to determine the fluid flow. This technology accounts for about 21% of the world market for flowmeters. 7

8. Operating principle of a DP flowmeters 8

9. Differential Pressure Measurement Equation 9

10. Differential Pressure Meter Characteristics There is a square root relationship between flowrate and differential pressure The Density of the fluid must be taking into account for both volumetric flow and mass flow measurement Measurement is dependent on Beta Ratio 10

11. Types of Differential Pressure Flowmeters F lat metal plate with an opening in the plate, installed perpendicular to the flowing stream in a circular pipe. R estriction causes an increase in velocity and decrease in pressure. A differential pressure transmitter is used to measure pressure between the orifice and the pipe flow stream. Orifice differential pressure flowmeters can be constructed to measure gas, liquid or steam. Orifice plates are primary flow elements which measure flow as a function of differential pressure Orifice Flowmeters 11

12. Types Orifice Plate 12

13. Venturi Flowmeters A restriction with a relatively long passage having a smooth entry and exit . A venturi produces less permanent pressure loss than an orifice but is more expensive. They are often used in dirty streams because there is no build-up of the foreign material . Venturi flow meters can be constructed to be either gas flowmeters or liquid flow meters. 13

14. Venturi Flowmeters 14

15. Nozzle Flowmeters smooth entry and sharp exit. Permanent pressure loss is on the same level as an orifice, with the added ability to handle dirty and abrasive fluids. A differential pressure transmitter is used to measure pressure between the nozzle and the pipe flow stream. This type of differential pressure flowmeter technology can be constructed to measure either gas or liquids. 15

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17. Pitot -static Tube Flowmeters 17

18. Wedge Flowmeters 18

19. V-Cone Flowmeters 19

20. Laminar Flowmeters 20

21. THANK YOU 7/30/2019 By : McCurtis Akpojaro (VOLTSON ENGINEERING TRAINEE ) 21