Dr. E. Muralinath_ Blood indices_clinical aspects

The power point provides information related to various blood indices in health and disease.

1. BLOOD Dr. E. Muralinath & Dr. M. Ramu Naik College of Veterinary Science, Proddatur, Andhra Pradesh

2. Complete blood indices MCV : regarding the average volume of a single RBC MCH : regarding the quantity or volume if hemoglobin observed in one RBC NCHC : regarding the concentration of hemoglobin in one RBC COLOR INDEX: regarding the ratio between the percentage of hemoglobin and the percentage of RBC

3. UNITS MCV: Cubic microns (cu.u ) MCH: Microgram or picogram (pg ) MCHC: Percentage ( %) NORMAL VALUE MCV = 78 - 90 cu.u MCH = 27 - 32 pg MCHC = 30 - 38 % CI = 0.8 - 1.2

4. NORMAL MCV : If MCV is normal, the RBC is termed as normocytic MCHC: If MCHC is normal , the RBC is normochromic ABNORMAL MCV enhancement: the cell is termed as Macrocytic MCV reduction: The cell is termed as microcytic MCHC reduction : the RBC is termed as hypochromic TERMINOLOGY

5. ABNORMAL CONDITIONS MCV: the RBCs are macrocytic in nature particularly in Pernicious Anemia and megaloblastic anemia MCV: The RBCs are microcytic in nature especially on iron deficiency anemia MCHC: The RBCs are macrocytic and normo chromic or hypochromic particularly in Pernicious Anemia and Megaloblastic anemia MCHC: the RBCs are microcytic and hypochromic particularly in iron deficiency anemia Colour index Enhancement : Pernicious Anemia and megaloblastic anemia Reduction: Iron deficiency anemia

6. FORMULAS MCV = PCV in 1000 mL or in 100 mL × 10 ÷ RBC count in millions/cu.mm MCH = Hb in grams per 1000 mL of blood ÷ RBC count in millions/cu.mm MCHC = Hb in grams/100mL of blood÷ PCV in 100 mL of blood Colour Index = Hemoglobin÷ RBC%

7. MORPHOLOGY CATEGORIZATION NORMOCYTIC ( MCV 80 - 100 cu.u) Acute blood loss, Bone marrow failure Chronic disease, Hypersplenism RBC breakdown MICROCYTIC ( MCV <80 cu.u) Chronic disease/ inflammation Iron deficiency, Lead poisoning Sideroblastic anemia, Thalassemia MACROCYTIC ( MCV > 100 cu.u) B12 or folate deficiency Chemotherapy, Hemolytic with reticulocytosis, Hypothyroidism

8. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF MCV Iron deficiency anemia bleeding colonic polyp bleeding peptic ulcer disease colorectal adenocarcinoma Menorrhagia Anemia of chronic disease Auto immune diseases; chronic kidney disease, primarily biliary cirrhosis & multiple sclerosis M alignancy Rheumatoid arthritis Rheumatologic conditions namely SLE Sideroblastic anemia

9. Sideroblastic anemia congenital type Helicobacter pylori infection Bacterial infection Thalassemia Two types Alpha thalassemia : alpha 1, Alpha 2 Alpha 3 / hemoglobin H disease, Alpha Beta thalassemia: beta thalassemia minor, beta thalassemia major

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