Dravya prayoga in pandu and kamala

Pandu and Kamala

1. Dravya prayoga in pandu and kamala
Dr Devraj K.C.
PG 1 Year
Dravyaguna Department
Dr Pradeep
Associated professor
Dravyaguna department

2. Dravya prayoga in pandu and
kamala
KamalaPandu

3. Contents
A)Pandu:- D) Anemia:-
. Difinition .Difinition
•Hetu .Cause and type

•Samprapti .Drugs

•Purvarupa E) Jaundice:-
•Rupa .Difinition
B) Kamala:- .Type
. Difinition .Mechanism
•Hetu .Symptoms
•Samprapti . Drugs
•Purvarupa F) Discussion
•Rupa G) Conclusio

•Drugs H) References
C)Research article
.

4. Pandu
| (c.ci 16/2)
- “(S.U.A. 44) |
Pandu word is formed by root dhatu Padi-Pashi’ with kru as prataya .
Pad-pashi means Nashane i.e. destroy.Pandu is a varna- rak i.e. colour
indicating name So above meaning is to destroy natural colour. The
physiological natural colour of skin is pink. Loss or destruction of this
pink colouration leads to whiteness, pallor, therefor pandu means
whiteness pallor.

5. Hetu(Cause)
Panduroga and Hetu Vichar-The factors responsible for developing the signs
and symptoms of Panduroga can be classified as:-
1) Aaharaj Hetu
2) Viharaj Hetu
3) Manasik Hetu
4) Others

6. Samhita grantha Aaharaja Vihraja Manasika
Charak samhita RasPradhanta
a. Kshar
b. Amla
c. Lawan
2. Guna pradhanta
- Atiushna
Draya Pradhanata
a.Nishpav
b. Mash
c. Pinnyak
d. Tila—tail
e. Mrid
1)Vidagdhhe Anne
2) Divaswap
3) Vyayam
4) Ati vyavaya
5) Pratikaram
6) Ritu Vaishamya
7) Vegodharan.
1)Kama
2) Chinta
3) Bhaya
4) Krodha
5)Shoka
Hetu cont……

7. Santarpanjanya Aapatarpanjanya
Aaharaja a)Adhyashana
.Ajeernashan
. Vishamashana
b)Ras Pradhanta –
.Madoor Ras Pradhan Aahar
c)Gunapradhanata –
.Sheet
.Guru
. Atisnigdha
. Picchila
d)Dravya Pradhanata –
.Mash
. Pinnyak
.Mrid
.Anupmansa
.Guda & its Product
Anashana
Laghwashana
Poshan abhavaj
A)Aahar sevan
a)Rasa Pradhanta
Amla
Katu
Kshar
Lawan
b)Guna Pradhanata –
Atyushna
Teekshna
Ruksha,
Laghu
c)Dravya Pradhanata
Madya
Spicy chilly

8. Viharaj Diwaswap
-Avyayama
-Vegodharan (Mal
Mootra)
-Pratikarma
-Snehavibhrama
- Grahi Chikitsa
in Amatisara
-- Snehatiyoga
-Atishrama
-Atiadhwagaman
-Ativyavaya
-Ativyayama
-Ratri Jagaran
-Vegodharan—Kshudha,
Trisha
Manasik Irshya
Pradnyaparadha
-Kama
-Chita
-Bhaya
-Krodha
-Shoka

9. Others
Nidanarthakar
Vyadhi
1)Purishaj Krimi
2) Kaphaj Prameha
3) Medoroga
4) Aampradoshaj Vyadhi
Rajataoradisgah Vyadhi
i) Raktapitta
ii) Raktarsha
iii) Raktapradar
iv) Pleeharoga
v) Kamala
vi) Rakta-Gulma
2) Jeema Jwara
3) Rajyakshma
4) Shosha
5) Grahani
6) Aghataj Hetu.

10. Samhita Aaharaja Viharaja Manasika
Sushrut Samhita
Madhav Nidan
Yoga Ratanakar
Raspradgabata
a. Amla
b. Lawan
2. Guna pradhanata
Atiteekshna
3. Dravya Pradhanta
a. Madya
b. Mrid
Vyavaya
Divaswap

11. Samprapti of pandu
•Samprapti or Pathogenesis of the disease ‘Panduroga’
can be studied according to its origin.
•Because the Great Acharya Charak has included the
disease ‘Panduroga’ in Santarpanottha vikara.
•Hence the origin of ‘Panduroga’ is mainly of two type’s
i.e.
•1. Santarpanottha Panduroga
•2. Apatar panottha Panduroga
•The following chart gives the general idea of
Pathogenesis of Apatarpanottha and Santarpanottha
Panduroga

12. pandu
Hetusevana
Guru,sheeta,atisnigdha,
Atyashana,Adhyasana
Mrid bhakshana(madhura,
kashaya rasaprasana)
Gurvadi guna Agnimandhya
Sangrahav
Aama nirmita
Kapha prakopa
Sangrahav
Kaphaja pandu
Mainly vikriti
Meda vriddhi
Sthaulya vikara
Dhatu saithilya
Panduroga
Dhatu kshaya
Aamapradhoja vikara
Vyadhi chirakalitwa
Aapatarpana
Raktakshaya
Panduroga
Srotorodha
Dhatuposhana
khandita
Rasadhatu kshaya
Raktadhatu kshaya
Raktadhatu kshaya
Panduroga
Aaharaposhana
abhaba,Raktaksha
yaja vata-pitta
prakopa aahara,
vihara ,anasana
,langhana
agnimandhya
Reduction of Aahara
rasa
Raktadhatu
kshaya
Panduroga

13. Purvarupa
Charaka
•i) Hridaya Spandan.
•ii) Roukshya
•iii) Swedabhava
•iv) Shrama
Sushruta
•i) Twaksphotanam
•ii) Shthivan
•iii) Mrid Bhakshanechha
•iv) Prekshankut Shotha
•v) Mutrapitata
•vi) Purishpitata
•vii) Avipak

14. Cont……….
Vagbhata
•i) Hridayaspandanam
•ii) Twak Rukshata
•iii) Aruchi
•iv) Pitamutrata
•v) Swedabhava
•vi) Alpavanhita
•vii) Sada
•viii) Shrama
Laghutrayi
•i) Twak sphotanam
•ii) Shthivan
•iii) Gatrasada
•iv) Mridbhakshaneccha
•v) Prekshan Kutag Shotha
•vi) Purishpitata
•vii) Mootrapitata
•viii) Avipaka

15. Rupa
no CharakaVagbhatSushrutKasyapaMadhav
1Karnashwed + + ---
2Hatanala + + ---
3Daurvalya + + ---
4Sadana + - ---
5Annadwesha + + ---
6Shram + + ---
7Bhrama + + ---
8Gatrasoola + --- ---
9Jwara + + ---
10Shwas + +
11Gaurav + ---
12Aruchi + ---

16. Cont…….
13Angamarda + + --
14Gatrapida + -- --
15Gatronmathan+ -- --
16Shunakshikut+ + ---
17Haritvarnata+ panduta--
18Sheerna lomata+ + --
19Hataprabhatwa+ + --
20Kopanatwa + -- --
21Shishira dwesha+ + --
22Nidralutwa + + --
23Shthivantwa + + --
24Alpawakatwo + + --

17. Cont…….
25Katiruka + -- --
26Katisad + -- --
27padruk + -- --
28padsad + -- --
29Ururuka + -- --
30Urusada + -- --
31Dhatu saithalya+ + --
32Ojokshaya + + --
33Alparaktata + + Raktadusti
34Alpamedoskata+ + --
35Nissarta + + --
36Hrid drava + + --

18. Cont…….
37Shiyhilendriyata+ +
38Twakpanduta + +
39Sweta akshitwa+ + +
40Swet nakhatwa+ + +
41Swet vakrata + + +
41Nabhi shotha + +
42Sharira vaibarnyaR.R.S
43shotha R.R.S
44Karshya R.R.S
45Satwahani R.R.S
46Alasya R.R.S

19. Pratyatma linga(cardinal symptoms)
In Short Pratyatma linga (Cardinal symptom) of Punduroga
are mentioned below-
•1. Panduta
•2. Daurbalya
•3. Hridspandan
•4. Akshikutag Shoth
•5. Bhrama
•6. Annadwesha
•7. Ayasen shwas
•8. Shram
•9. Gatrasad
•10. Angamarda

20. dll•ddld•m•dl•9ldam•am•a•dm•d•
ma# Pitta vikriti and its reflection on body in disease
Pandurog
Pachak pitta Vikriti Agnimandya
Kshudhamandya
Ranjak pitta Vikriti Alpa raktata
Sadhak Pitta vikriti Hrid daurbalya
(Hrid vyasadi Lakshanans)
Aalochak pitta vikriti Netra panduta
Bhrajak pitta Twaj Vauavarbya – Panduta

21. Types of Panduroga & Its Rupa
Type Charaka Vagbhata
1. Vataj Pandu i)Krishna Panduta
ii) Arunanta
iii) Sarwang Raja
iv) Sarwang Toda
v) Kampa
vi) Shira Shoola
i)Gatraruk
ii) Gatratoda
iii) Gatrakampa
iv) Nakha, Mala, Mootradi,
Rukshatwa, Krishnatwa
Arunata
v) Anaha
2. Pittaj Pandu i)Varchyo Shosha
ii)Aasyavairasya
iii)Shoph
iv)Aanah
v)Balakshaya
vii)Twak, Nakha, Netra,
viii)Peetvarni or Haritvani
ix)Jwara
x) Daha
xi) Trishna
i)Aasyavairasya
ii)Vitshosha
iii)Parshwaruk
iv)Murdhwaruk
v)Siradi Varna- Harit
vi)Peetabh
vii)Jawara
viii)Trut
ix)Swed Pravartan

22. KamlPn Cont….
xii)Moorchha
xiii)Mal, mootra peetata
xiv) Atiswedan
xv) Aruchi
xvi) Sheet
xvii)KamanKatukasyata
xviii) Amlodgar
xix) Vidagedhe anne
xx)vidahata
xxi) Daurgandhya
xxii) Bhinna varchatwa
xxiii) Tama
x)Moorchha
xi) Sheetechha
xii) Daurgandhya
xiii) Katuvakrata
xiv) Varchyobhed
xv)Amalaka
xvi)Daha
Kaphaja pandu Anga Gaurav
ii) Tandra
iii) Chhardi
iv) Twak, Nakh, Netra,
Shuklawarni
v) Praseka
vi) Lomaharsha
iradi, Suklatwa
ii) Tandra
iii) Lawan vakrata
iv) Romaharsha
v) Swarkshaya
vi) Kasa
vii) Chhardi

23. Cont…..
Angasad
viii) Moorccha
ix) Bhrama
x) Klama
xi) Shwas
xii) Kasa
xiii) Aalasya
xiv) Aruchi
xv) Vak-graha
xvi) Swargraha
xvii) Malmootra
Shuklawarni
xviii) Katu, Ruksh, Ushna,
Kamana
xix) Shwayathu
xx) Madhoorasyata
Sannipatika pandu i)Tridosh Lingani
ii) Doosahata

24. Cont…
5. Mridbhakshanjanya
Pandu
i)Indriya Bala-Ksheenata
ii) Balanash, Veeryanash
Ojonash
iii) Varanash
iv) Agninash
v) Shoongandakshikutbhru
vi) Pada shopha
vii) Nabhi shoth
viii) Krimi Koshtha
ix) Atisara
x) Sarakta, Sakapha,
xi)malapravritti.
i)Shoon-Nabhi-pad-Mehan
ii) Purisha Krimi
iii) Sakapha, Sarakta,
iv)Bhinnamala.

25. " Kamala
Kamala is compound word (kam+la) means lust or desire. In Kamala
there no any desire to eat or drink. An individual suffers from severe
Arochaka, Avipaka, Agnimandya in kamala. Charak Acharya has
considered Kamala as advance stage of Pandu roga. When person with
panduroga continues intake of pittakar ahar then he may develop
kamala. Sushrut Acharya has considered Kamala as separate disease and
also may be due to further complication of panduroga whereas; Vagbhat
Acharya has described Kamala as a separate disease.

26. "•l Kamala hetu
Aaharaja Viharaja Manasika
i)Excessive intake of kshar,
amla, lavan, ushna , ruksha
guna ahara
Viruddha anna
ii)Sheeta,guru,madhur rasa
ahara
iii)Vidagdha anna
iv)Asatmya bhojana
v)Nishpav, masha, pinyaka,
tiltail sevan
i)Ati vyayam
ii)Kama
iii)Ati maithuna
iv)Diwaswapna
v)Ati vyayam
vi)Veg vidharana
i) Chinta
ii)Bhaya
iii) Krodha
iv) Shoka
v)Upahata chetas

27. KamlPndPu••• Type of kamala
Charaka Sushrut Vagbhat
i)Koshthashakhashrit,
ii)Shakhashrit,
iii)Halimak,
iv)Kumbhkamala
i)Halimak,
ii)Kumbhahvaya
i)Swatantra,
ii)Paratantra

28. •m•mP Samprapti K
•m•mP••u•
•Samprapti ghataka
Koshthashakhashrita kamala Shakhashrita kamala
1. Dosha-Pitta.
2. Dushya-Rakta and Mansa.
3. Adhisthana-Kostha(Mahasrotasa) and
shakha.
4. Srotas- Rasavaha srotas, Raktavaha
srotas,
Annavaha srotas, Purishvaha srotas.
5. Srotodushti- Atipravritti, Sanga,
Vimarga
gamana.
1. Dosha – Pitta
2. Dushya -Rakta and mansa
3. Adhisthana- Kostha (mahasrotas)
and shakha
4. Srotas - Rasavaha, raktavaha,
annavaha, pureeshvaha srotas
5. Srotodushti – Atipravritti, sanga,
vimarg gamana

29. ,n- Cont….

Kamala samprapti
Hetu sevana
Vata and kapha prakopa
Vata solidify the kapha
Obstruction of pittanalika
Obstruction of pitta passing to kosta pitta
Pandurogi- pittakar aahara vihara sevana
Usna tikshna guna vriddi
Dusta aahara rasa
Pachaka pitta dusti rasa dusti
Agnimandhya
Rakta and mamsa vidhya
Yakruta gamana and malarupa pachaka pittta
hampering the whole body
Kosthasakhashrita kamala
Haridra twak ,netra, mutra
Sakhashrita kamala
Vimargagamana of pitta

30. "m•PndPu••• Rupa of kamala
s.
no.
Lakshyana Charaka Sushrut Vagbhata
Haridra netra
Haridra twacha
Haridra mukha
Hidrara nakha
Haridra mala
Haridra mutra
Rakta peeta mutra
Rakta peeta mala
Daha
Avipaka
Daurbalya
Sadana
Aruchi
Krusha
Tandra
Balakshaya
Trushna
Indriyadaurbalya.
Bhekavarnata
Panduvadana
+
+
+
+
-
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
_
_
_
+
+
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
+
+
-
-
-
+
+
+
+
+
+
-
-
+
-
-
-
-
-
-
+
+
+
-
-
+

31. •#P•#Pu••P/u• Pandu and kamla chikitsa
Samsodhana chikitsa Samsamana chikitsa
i)Snehana
1) Dadimadi Ghrita
2) Katukadi Ghrita
3) Pathya Ghrita
4) Danti Ghrita
5) Drakshadi Ghrita
6) Haridra Ghrita
7)Darvyadi Ghrita
8) Bruhatyadi Ghrita
9) Duralabhadi Ghrita
Note:-Due to Samyaka Snehana, Vatanuloman
takes place, Agni comes to its normal stage,
singdhata and mardavata of body is also found
out. In shodhan yogya Pandu and kamala rogi
Snehana, acts as Poorvakarma of the shodhan
vidhi. (i.e. Vaman, virechan)

Dosh Vishishta Chikitsa-
Vataj Pandu-
Snehabhuyishta
Kaphaj Pandu-
Katu, Tikta, and Ushna Dravya
Pittaj Pandu-
Tikta and Sheet dravya
Sannipatik Pandu-
Vimishra Yoga prayoga
Mridbhakshanjanya-
Mrittika Bhakshan
Nivaran & Doshaj Chikitsa.

32. ,n- Cont…
Samsodhana chikitsa Samsamana chikitsa
ii)Vaman: -
According to Dalhanacharya Mridu
Vaman can be given in disease
Panduroga and kamala with respect to
Ritu, Desh, Kala, Rogibala etc. vamana
with madanaphala
iii)Virechana: -
Virechana is the best shodhanopkarma
of Pitta dosha. In Pandu and kamala
Pitta dosha plays a great role in
Samprapti. Hence Virechana is the best
andmost acceptable shodhanopakrama
in disease Punduroga. Virechana with
trivrita.
i)Single drug:-
Katuka, Musta, Haridra ,Daruharidra,
Kutaja, Bhunimba, Devdaru,
Nimba,Candana, Patola, Haritaki, Vidanga,
Guduchi, Sunthi, pippali, maricha, chitraka
Sarpunkha, manjistha, drakshya.
ii) Compound formulation:-
Visaladi phanta, Navayasa churna,
Mandura vataka, Tapyadi yoga, Dhtrivaleh,
Madhura vataka, Darvyadi leham,
Bijakarist, Gaudarista,Dhatryarista,
Dadimadi ghrita, Vidangasav, Kumari ghrita,
Kumaryasv.

33. Guduchi
•Lattine name:- Tinaspora
cordifolia(wild)Miers
•Family:-Menispermaceae
•Rasapanchaka:-
• Guna:- Laghu, Snigdha
• Rasa:- Katu, Tikta
• Virya:- Anushna
• Vipak:- Madhura
• Karma:- Rasayana, Balya,
Agnideepaka, Jwarahara,
Tridoshashamaka

34. Haridra
•Lattine name:- Curcuma longa
Linn
•Family:-scitaminaceaee
•Rasapanchaka:-
• Guna:-Rukshya, Laghu
• Rasa:-Tikta, Katu
• Virya:-Usna,
• Vipak:-Katu
• Karma:-Kaphavatasamaka,

• pittarechaka

35. Vidanga
•Lattine name:-Embelia ribes
Burm f
•Family:-Mirsinaceae
•Rasapanchaka:-
• Guna:-Laghu, rukshya,
• tikshna
• Rasa:-Katu ,kasaya
• Virya:-Usna
• Vipak:-Katu
• Karma:-Kaphavatasamaka

36. Katuki
•Lattine name:-Picrorhiza
kurroa Royalex Benth
•Family:-Scrophulariaceae
•Rasapanchaka:-
• Guna:-Laghu, Rukshya
• Rasa:-Tikta
• Virya:-Sita
• Vipak:-Katu
• Karma:-
Kaphapittahara

37. Bhunimba
•Lattine name:-Swertia chirayita
•Family:-Gentianaceae
•Rasapanchaka:-
• Guna:-Laghu, rukshya
• Rasa:-Tikta
• Virya:-Usna
• Vipak:-Katu
• Karma:-Tridosasamaka,
Vatapittasamaka

38. Daruharidra
•Lattine name:- Berberis aristata Dc
•Family:-Berberidaceae
•Rasapanchaka:-
• Guna:-Laghu, Rukshya
• Rasa:-Tikta, Kasaya
• Virya:-Usna
• Vipak:-Katu
• Karma:-Kaphapittahara,
pittasamaka

41. Anemia
•Anaemia is a condition in which the number of red blood cells
or their oxygen-carrying capacity is insufficient to meet
physiologic needs, which vary by age, sex, altitude, smoking,
and pregnancy status. WHO criteria for anemia in men and
women the hemoglobin level is <13 and <12 g/dL,
respectively.

42. Cause and type of anemia

43. Drug for anemia
Drugs Type of anaemia
Ferrous sulphate Iron deficiency anemia
Folic acid, methylcobalamine Megaloblastic anemia
Hydroxyurea Sickle cell anemia
Deferasirox Thalassemia anemia
Pyridoxin Sideroblastic anemia
Methylprednisolon, cyclosporin Apalastic anemia
Methylcobalamine Pernicious anemia
Albendazole Anaemia due to hook worm infestation
Corticosteroids Anaemia due to other auto immune disorder

44. Jaundice
•Yellow staining of the skin and sclerae (the whites of
the eyes) by abnormally high blood levels of the bile
pigment bilirubin. The yellowing extends to other
tissues and body fluids. Jaundice was once called the
"morbus regius" (the regal disease) in the belief that
only the touch of a king could cure it. It is normal to
have some bilirubin in the blood. A normal level is:
Direct (also called conjugated) bilirubin: 0 to 0.3
mg/dL. Total bilirubin: 0.3 to 1.9 mg/dL.

45. Type of jaundice

47. Symptoms of jaundice include
•Yelllow tinge to the skin and the whites parts of the eyes, normally
starting at the head and spreading down the body.
•Pruritis (itchiness)
•Fatigue.
•Abdominal pain - typically indicates a blockage of the bile duct.
•Weight loss.
•Vomiting.
•Fever.
•Paler than usual stools.

48. Drugs for jaundice
•Below is a list of common medications used to treat or reduce the
symptoms of High Amount of Bilirubin in the Blood.
•i) Phenobarbital 5%, 20%, 25% i/v
•Ii) Plasbumin 20%, 25%i/v
•Iii)Kedbumin i/v
•Iv) Chenodeoxycholic acid 150mg, 300mg

49. Disussion
•Charak has described Panduroga after grahinidosha chikitsa adhyaya as
ghrahaniroga is one of the causative disease of Panduroga. Sushruta has
mentioned the Panduroga in uttarstana, adhyaya 44 “Panduroga
pratishedhan adhyaya”. Shusruta has mention that kamala, panaki,
lagharak are the various stages of Panduroga. Vaghbata has described
Panduroga in nidanstahana and its treatment in chikitsa sthana. In madhava
nidana the description of Panduroga is occurred after crimi nidana,
because purishas crimi are also responsible for developing
Panduroga.Many Aaharaj , viharaj and manasika hetu of all acharya are
similar and also pathophysiology of developing pandu and kamala . Chiksa
sutra, single drug along with compound formulation for treating pandu and
kamala are similar

50. Conclusion
•Pandu and kamal are two disease from same origine
•Pandu progressively develop into kamal if not treated properly
•Anemia and Jaundice are not exactly pandu and kamala respectively but
pathophysiology, sign and symptoms and treatment are resembles in
most instent.
•Samsodhana chikitsa in pandu and kamala is most important chikitsa
otherwise chikitsa of thease disease is not completed.
•Samana dravya which are using to treat thease disease are either
Kaphapittahara, pittarechaka or tridoshasamaka. In modern research in
contempory science these drugs are either antimicrobial,
hepatoprotective, hematopoietic, osmotic purgative or antioxidants.
•Our ancient acharyas are great scientist whose exploration before
thousands of years are more effective until this era

51. References
•1) Charak Samhita su.23/5 by Vd. Ravidatta tripathi Published by
Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthana, Varanasi. Page no. 317
•2) sushrut samhita uttar 44/6 by Vd.Yadavaji Trikamji Acharya, published
by Chaukhamba Sanskit Sansthan, Varanasi 1994. Page no.623
•3) sushrut samhita uttar 44/27 with ayurvedtatvasandipika by Ambikadatta
shastri published by Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthnaa, Varanasi page no.
374
•4) Charak Samhita su. 19/4 of vaidya manorama hindi commentary special
delibration and appendicies etc. by Ravidatta tripathi, published by
Chaukhamba Sanskrit Prakashan, Varansi.2013 page no. 285
•5) Sushrut Samhita sutrastana 21/18, 27, 32, 33, 34, 35 edited by
Vd.Yadavaji Trikamji Acharya, published by Chaukhamba Sanskit Sansthan,
Varanasi 2012.page no. 117, 119, 120, 121

52. •6) Sushrut Samhita uttar tantra 44/5 published by ayurvedtatvasandipika by
Ambikadatta shastri Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthnaa, Varanasi. Page no.
366
•7) Madhav- Nidanam 8/3 with Madhukosha Sanskrit edited by Vd p. g.
•8) Charak samhita chikitsa 16/13-16 by Vd. Ravidatta tripathi Published by
Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthana, Varanasi. Page no. 397
•9) Charak samhita chikitsa 15/3-4 by Vd. Ravidatta tripathi Published by
Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthana, Varanasi. Page no. 358
•10) Charak Samhita su.16/3 by Vd. Ravidatta tripathi Published by
Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthana, Varanasi. Page no. 3
•11) Sushrut Samhita uttar tantra 44/4 published by ayurvedtatvasandipika
by Ambikadatta shastri Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthnaa, Varanasi. Page no.
365
•12) Charak samhita chikitsa 21/40 by Vd. Ravidatta tripathi Published by
Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthana, Varanasi. Page no.510
•Sushrut Samhita uttar tantra 44/15 published by ayurvedtatvasandipika by
Ambikadatta shastri Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthnaa, Varanasi. Page no.
371