Drilling machine classifications

DRILLING MACHINE

1. DRILLING MACHINE
Presented By
K.SATHISHKUMAR
JTO / FITTER
GOVT ITI THANJAVUR

2. Table of Content
Introduction
PartsParts
Types
Operations
Presented by : K.SATHISHKUMAR
JTO/GOVT ITI / THANJAVUR

3. INTRODUCTION
Thedrillingmachineisdefinedasamachine
whichisusedtomakeacircularhole,atoolused
todrilltheholesofdifferentsizeandother
relatedoperationsusingadrillbit.
Presented by : K.SATHISHKUMAR
JTO/GOVT ITI / THANJAVUR
relatedoperationsusingadrillbit.
HolesweredrilledbytheEgyptiansin1200B.C.
about3000yearsagobybowdrills.Thebowdrill
isthemotherofpresent-daymetalcuttingdrilling
machine.

4. Adrillingmachineisoneoftheimportantmachine
toolsintheworkshop.
DrillingMachineisusedtoformaholeofdifferent
sizesonajob,Drillingisamaterial-removingorcutting
processinwhichthetoolusesaDrillBittocutaholeof
circularcross-sectioninsolidmaterials.
Objective of Drilling Machine
Presented by : K.SATHISHKUMAR
JTO/GOVT ITI / THANJAVUR
circularcross-sectioninsolidmaterials.
DrillbitisaMultiPointCuttingTool.
Wealsoperformdrillingoperationinlathemachinetoo,butdrillmachineis
madeforthisspecificdrilloperations,sowhereweneedbulkofdrilling
operationwegofordrillingmachine.

5. Parts of the Drilling Machine
Base
ColumnorPillar
Arm
Spindle
Drillbit
ChuckArm
Worktable
Drillhead
FeedMechanism
Chuck
ElectricMotor
Pulleyorgears
Depthgauge
Presented by : K.SATHISHKUMAR
JTO/GOVT ITI / THANJAVUR

6. Presented by : K.SATHISHKUMAR
JTO/GOVT ITI / THANJAVUR

7. Presented by :
K.SATHISHKUMAR
JTO/GOVT ITI / THANJAVUR

8. Itisoneofthemainpartsofadrillingmachine,it
carriestheentireweightofthemachine,andtransfer
theweighttotheground.
Thebaseofadrillingmachineisgenerallymadeof
castironorsteel,anditisveryrigid.
Atthetopofthebase,therearesomeslotsprovided
BASE:
Presented by : K.SATHISHKUMAR
JTO/GOVT ITI / THANJAVUR
Atthetopofthebase,therearesomeslotsprovided
tosupportthebigjobs.
Andononesideofthebase,aradialcolumnora
pillarissituated.
Thebaseisgenerallyboltedwiththegroundorin
somecasethebaseissupportedbytwoorfourlegs.

9. Column or pillar:
Thecolumnorpillarissituatedononesideofthe
base.Ingeneral,weusearadialcolumnsothatthe
movementofthearmispossibleinaclockwiseor
anticlockwisedirection.
Presented by : K.SATHISHKUMAR
JTO/GOVT ITI / THANJAVUR
Thecolumnisalsomadeofcastironorsteelandis
alsoveryrigidsothatitcancarrytheloadofthearmas
wellasadrillhead.
Aslidingtableismountedonthecolumnsothatthe
tablecanhaveupanddownmotionaccordingtothe
need.

10. Upper arm:
Atthetopofthecolumn,thereisanupperarm,
whichcarriesthedrillheadandalsothehouseofthe
drivingmechanism.
Theupperarmisalsomadeofthesamematerialsof
Presented by : K.SATHISHKUMAR
JTO/GOVT ITI / THANJAVUR
Theupperarmisalsomadeofthesamematerialsof
thebase.(castironorsteel)
Tomakethestructurerigid.
Insomedrillingmachine,aguidewayisprovidedso
thatthedrillheadcanslideoverthis.

11. Worktable:
Theworktableisgenerallymadeofcastironanditis
mountedonthecolumn.
T-slotsareprovidedatthetopsurfaceofthetablemay
beinsometablethereisavicewhichalsohelpstohold
thejob.
Thetablecanmoveupanddownasalsorightorleft
accordingtothejobandtoolarrangement.
Presented by : K.SATHISHKUMAR
JTO/GOVT ITI / THANJAVUR
accordingtothejobandtoolarrangement.
Theupanddownmotionofthetablecanbegivenby
handaswellasbysomeelectricalmechanism.
Weusearackandpinionmechanismforavertical
momentofthetable.
Theshapeofthetablecanberectangularoralso
circular.

12. Drillhead:
Onesideofthearmadrillheadismounted,adrill
headisconsistofvariousfeedanddrivingmechanism.
Adrillchuckismountedoverit.Adrillheadcanslide
upanddownaspertherequirementofthejob.
AV-typesbeltisprovidedtotransferthepowerfrom
Presented by : K.SATHISHKUMAR
JTO/GOVT ITI / THANJAVUR
AV-typesbeltisprovidedtotransferthepowerfrom
themotortothepulleyandfrompulley,themechanical
poweristransferredtothedrillhead.
Thedifferenttypesofspeedcanbegeneratedbythe
conepulleymechanismaswellasagear-train
mechanism.

13. FeedMechanism:
Inadrillmachine,weuseanelectricmotor,V-belt,and
pulleytotransferthepowerfromthemotortothe
spindle.
Fortheupanddownmotionofthedrillhead,weuse
handandaswellasautomaticfeedbyanelectrical
Presented by : K.SATHISHKUMAR
JTO/GOVT ITI / THANJAVUR
handandaswellasautomaticfeedbyanelectrical
motor.
Herealsoarackandpinionareusedtoconvertthe
rotationalmovementfromelectricalmotororbyhandto
thestraight-linemovement.

14. Spindle:
Itisacirculartapershaftwhichhelpstoholdthedrill
chuck.Itismadeofhighcarbonchromiumsteelor
stainlesssteelorsteelalloys.
Ittransferstherotarymotionfromdrillheadtodrill
Presented by : K.SATHISHKUMAR
JTO/GOVT ITI / THANJAVUR
Ittransferstherotarymotionfromdrillheadtodrill
jigs.
Thereisakeyholeprovidedonthespindletochange
thedrillchuck.
Thespindlealsocanmoveupanddownwiththehelp
ofrackandpinionmechanism
.

15. Chuck:
Thechuckismountedonthelowerendofthespindle,
itholdsthedrilljig.
Herealsoakeyholeisprovidedtochangethedrill
jigs.
Presented by : K.SATHISHKUMAR
JTO/GOVT ITI / THANJAVUR
Drillchucksaregenerallyself-centering.
Inadrillmachine,weusethree-jawchuck.
Anditismadeofspecialalloysteel.

16. Electric Motor:
Inadrillingmachine,weuseasingle-phaseac
motor.Whichcanrunatanrpmof600-5000,ormay
bemoreforhighdutydrillingmachine.
Presented by : K.SATHISHKUMAR
JTO/GOVT ITI / THANJAVUR

17. PulleyorGears:
Pulleyorgearsisusedtotransmitpowerandalsofor
gettingdifferentspeed.
Presented by : K.SATHISHKUMAR
JTO/GOVT ITI / THANJAVUR
Inadrillingmachine,weusebevelgeartotransmit
poweratanangleof90degrees.
Sonowwearegoingtolearnhowpowertransferred
inaDrillingmachine.

18. HowdoesPowerTransmissionhappeninthe
Drillingmachine?
Thepowertransmissioninthedrillingmachineusedto
transmitpowerforitsworking.
Thispowerissuppliedfromtheelectricmotor.
Presented by : K.SATHISHKUMAR
JTO/GOVT ITI / THANJAVUR
Thispowerissuppliedfromtheelectricmotor.
Theprocessoftransmissiontakesplacewiththehelp
ofthev-boltandthepairofpulleystacksoppositeto
eachother.
Thespeedofthespindleisfixedorcontrolledwiththe
helpofthepulleystacks.

19. Types of Drilling Machine
Following are the 8 different types of drilling machine.
1. Portable drilling machine
2. Sensitive drilling machine 2. Sensitive drilling machine
a) Bench mounting sensitive drilling machine
b) Floor column upright drilling machine
3. Upright drilling machine
a) Round column upright drilling machine
b) Box column upright drilling machine
Presented by : K.SATHISHKUMAR
JTO/GOVT ITI / THANJAVUR

20. 4. Radial drilling machine
a) Plain drilling machine
b) Universal drilling machine
c) Semi-universal drilling machine
5. Gang drilling machine
6. Multiple spindle machine
Presented by : K.SATHISHKUMAR
JTO/GOVT ITI / THANJAVUR
6. Multiple spindle machine
7. Automatic drilling machine
8. Deep hole drilling machine
a) Vertical deep hole drilling machine
b) Horizontal deep hole drilling machine

21. 1.Portable drilling machine
Presented by : K.SATHISHKUMAR
JTO/GOVT ITI / THANJAVUR
Thistypesofdrillingmachinesarecommonlyusedin
alltheworkshop.Usedtodrillsmallsizedholes.Itis
operatedbyholdinginahand.Theworkpiecewhere
theholeistobedrilledisheldinavice.

22. 2. Sensitive drilling machine
Thesetypesofdrillingmachineusedtodrillsmallholes
diameterassmallas0.35mmto15mm.Thesemachines
runatahigherspeedashighas2000rpm.
Themachinemaybemountedonthebenchorfloor&
thedrillingworkisstartedwiththedrillfedintothe
workpiecebypurelyhandcontrol.
Presented by : K.SATHISHKUMAR
JTO/GOVT ITI / THANJAVUR
workpiecebypurelyhandcontrol.
Thisenablestheoperatortofeelhowthedrilliscutting
andaccordinglyhecancontrolthedownfeedpressure.
Sincetheoperatorsensesthecuttingactionatanyinstant
itiscalledasthesensitivedrillingmachine.

23. Presented by : K.SATHISHKUMAR
JTO/GOVT ITI / THANJAVUR

24. 3. Upright or Vertical or Pillar type Drilling
Machine:
Itislargerinsizeandstrongerthansensitivedrilling
machine.Itisusedfordrillingmediumandlarge-sized
holes.
Presented by : K.SATHISHKUMAR
JTO/GOVT ITI / THANJAVUR
holes.
Basedonthetypeofcolumnuseditisclassifiedasa
roundcolumnandboxcolumnuprightdrillingmachines.

25. ROUND COLUMN BOX COLUMN
Presented by : K.SATHISHKUMAR
JTO/GOVT ITI / THANJAVUR

26. UprightorVerticalorPillarDrillingMachineisfree
standingandisofafarheavierconstructionabletotake
largerdrills.
Ithasaheavyframetosupportawiderrangeofwork.
Thetableheightisadjustableandpowerspeedand
Presented by : K.SATHISHKUMAR
JTO/GOVT ITI / THANJAVUR
Thetableheightisadjustableandpowerspeedand
feedsareavailable.
Thelargerdrillsnormallyhaveatapershanklocated
withintaperboreinthespindleend.Thesetapersare
standardizedasMorsetapers
.

27. 4. Radial drilling machine
Theradialdrillmachineisfree-standingand
theworkpieceisclampedinthepositionon
thebase.Itisusedforheavylargeandheavy
work.
Thearmispower-drivenfortheheight
Presented by : K.SATHISHKUMAR
JTO/GOVT ITI / THANJAVUR
Thearmispower-drivenfortheheight
location.Thedrillheadispositionedusing
motorizeddrivesandittransversetheswinging
arm.
Theworkpieceremainsstationarythe
machinebaseorworktable.
Themachinespindleismovedtothelocation
required.

28. Presented by : K.SATHISHKUMAR
JTO/GOVT ITI / THANJAVUR

29. Presented by : K.SATHISHKUMAR
JTO/GOVT ITI / THANJAVUR

30. 5. Gang drilling machine
IntheGangtypeDrillingMachine,several
spindles/orstationsaremountedonone
longtableasshowninthefigure.
Presented by : K.SATHISHKUMAR
JTO/GOVT ITI / THANJAVUR

31. 6.Multiple spindle machine
IntheMulti-spindledrillingmachine,thereare
manyspindlesmountedononeheadtoallow
manyholestobedrilledsimultaneously.
Presented by : K.SATHISHKUMAR
JTO/GOVT ITI / THANJAVUR

32. 7. Automatic drilling machine Or Numerical
Control Drilling Machine
Numericalcontroldrillingmachinecan
automaticallychangetoolingwithaturretorautomatic
toolchanger.
Presented by : K.SATHISHKUMAR
JTO/GOVT ITI / THANJAVUR
toolchanger.
Speeds,feeds,andtablepositioniscontrolledusinga
computerprogram.

33. Presented by : K.SATHISHKUMAR
JTO/GOVT ITI / THANJAVUR

34. 8.DeepHoleDrillingMachine
Thismaybetheeitherhorizontalorverticaltypeof
machine.
Inthisdrillingmachine,theparttobedrilledisrotated
andthedrillbitthatmakestheholeiskeptstationary.
Presented by : K.SATHISHKUMAR
JTO/GOVT ITI / THANJAVUR
andthedrillbitthatmakestheholeiskeptstationary.
Deepholedrillingisdoneincomponentslikerifle
barrels,crankshafts,longshaftsetc
.

35. Presented by : K.SATHISHKUMAR
JTO/GOVT ITI / THANJAVUR

36. DEEP HOLE DRILLING MACHINE
Presented by : K.SATHISHKUMAR
JTO/GOVT ITI / THANJAVUR

37. Drilling Machine Operations
1. Drilling operation
2. Reaming operation
3. Boring operation
4. Counter boring operation
5. Countersinking operation
Presented by : K.SATHISHKUMAR
JTO/GOVT ITI / THANJAVUR
5. Countersinking operation
6. Spot facing operation
7. Tapping operation
8. Lapping operation
9. Grinding operation
10. Trepanning operation

38. 1.Drilling
DrillingistheoperationofproducingacylindricalholeDrillingistheoperationofproducingacylindricalhole
byremovingmetalfromtherotatingedgeofacutting
toolcalledthedrill.
Thedrillpointispressedatthiscentrepointto
producetherequiredhole.Drillingdoesnotproducean
accurateholeinaworkpieceandtheholelocationis
notperfect.
Presented by : K.SATHISHKUMAR
JTO/GOVT ITI / THANJAVUR

39. 2. Reaming
Reamingisanaccuratewayofsizingandfinishinga
holewhichhasbeenpreviouslydrilled.Inordertofinisha
holeandtobringittotheaccuratesize,theholeisdrilled
slightlyundersize.
Reamercannotoriginateahole.Itsimplyfollowsthe
pathwhichhasbeenpreviouslydrilledandremovesa
verysmallamountofmetal.
Presented by : K.SATHISHKUMAR
JTO/GOVT ITI / THANJAVUR

40. 3. Boring
ToenlargeaholebymeansofanadjustablecuttingToenlargeaholebymeansofanadjustablecutting
toolwithonlyonecuttingedge.Thisisnecessarywhere
thesuitablesizeddrillisnotavailableorwherethehole
diameterissolargethatitcannotbeordinarilydrilled.
Usedtofinishaholeaccuratelyandtobringittothe
requiredsize.
Tomachinetheinternalsurfaceofaholealready
producedincasting.
Presented by : K.SATHISHKUMAR
JTO/GOVT ITI / THANJAVUR

41. 4. Counter boring
Counterboringistheoperationofenlargingtheendofa
holecylindrically.holecylindrically.
Atoolusedforcounterboringiscalledacounterbore.
Thecounterboresaremadewithastraightortapered
shanktofitinthedrillspindle.
Thetoolisguidedbyapilotwhichextendsbeyondthe
endofthecuttingedges.Thepilotfitsintothesmall-
diameterholerunningclearanceandmaintainsthe
alignmentofthetool
.
Presented by : K.SATHISHKUMAR
JTO/GOVT ITI / THANJAVUR

42. 5. Countersinking
Countersinkingistheoperationofmakingacone-
shapedenlargementoftheendofaholetoprovidea
recessforaflatheadscreworcountersunkrivetfitted
intothehole.
Thetoolusedforcountersinkingiscalledacountersink.
Thecuttingspeedincountersinkingis25%lessthan
thatofdrilling
.
Presented by : K.SATHISHKUMAR
JTO/GOVT ITI / THANJAVUR

43. 6. Spot facing
Spotfacingistheoperationofsmoothingandsquaring
thesurfacearoundaholefortheseatforanutorthe
headofascrew.
Acounterboreoraspecialspotfacingtoolmaybe
employedforthispurpose
.
Presented by : K.SATHISHKUMAR
JTO/GOVT ITI / THANJAVUR

44. 7. Tapping
ItistheoperationofcuttinginternalthreadsbymeansItistheoperationofcuttinginternalthreadsbymeans
ofacuttingtoolcalledatap.
Atapmaybeconsideredasaboltwithaccuratethreads
cutonit.Thethreadsactascuttingedgeswhichare
hardenedandground.
Whenthetapisscrewedintotheholeitremovesmetal
andcutsinternalthreadswhichwillfitintoexternal
threadsofthesamesize.
Presented by : K.SATHISHKUMAR
JTO/GOVT ITI / THANJAVUR

45. 8. Lapping
Lappingistheoperationofsizingandfinishingasmall
diameterholealreadyhardenedbyremovingaverysmall
amountofmaterialbyusingalap.Therearemanykindsof
lappingtools.
Thecopperheadlapsarecommonlyused.Thelapfitsin
theholeandismovedupanddownwhileitrevolves.

46. 9. Grinding
Grindingoperationmaybeperformedinadrilling
machinetofinishahardenedhole.Thegrindingwheelis
madetorevolvewiththespindleandisfedupanddown.
Asuitablegrindingwheelmaybeselectedforsurface
grindingoperation.Grindingcanalsobedonecorrectlyout
ofroundnessofthehole
.
Presented by : K.SATHISHKUMAR
JTO/GOVT ITI / THANJAVUR

47. 10. Trepanning
Trepanningistheoperationofproducingaholeby
removingmetalalongthecircumferenceofahollow
cuttingtool.
Thetoolresemblesahollowtubehavingcuttingedgesat
oneendandasolidshankattheothertofitintothedrill
spindle.Thisisoneoftheefficientmethodsofproducinga
hole.
Presented by : K.SATHISHKUMAR
JTO/GOVT ITI / THANJAVUR

48. Presented by : K.SATHISHKUMAR
JTO/GOVT ITI / THANJAVUR