Drug addiction and understanding its cau

Implication of drugs

1. Understanding Drug Abuse and Addiction:Understanding Drug Abuse and Addiction:
What Science SaysWhat Science Says
Developed by theDeveloped by the
National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)
National Institutes of HealthNational Institutes of Health
Bethesda, MarylandBethesda, Maryland

2. DRUG ADDICTION IS A COMPLEX ILLNESSDRUG ADDICTION IS A COMPLEX ILLNESS
www.drugabuse.gov

3. www.drugabuse.gov

4. www.drugabuse.gov

5. www.drugabuse.gov

6. www.drugabuse.gov

7. Prevention Programs Should . . . .Prevention Programs Should . . . .
strong family bondsstrong family bonds
parental monitoringparental monitoring
parental involvementparental involvement
success in school performancesuccess in school performance
prosocial institutions (e.g. such as family, prosocial institutions (e.g. such as family,
school, and religious organizations)school, and religious organizations)
conventional norms about drug useconventional norms about drug use
www.drugabuse.gov
Enhance Protective FactorsEnhance Protective Factors

8. . . . and be Culturally Sensitive. . . and be Culturally Sensitive
Prevention Programs Should . . . .Prevention Programs Should . . . .
. .. .Target all Forms of Drug UseTarget all Forms of Drug Use
www.drugabuse.gov

9. Resist drugsResist drugs
Strengthen personal commitments against Strengthen personal commitments against
drug usedrug use
Increase social competencyIncrease social competency
Reinforce attitudes against drug useReinforce attitudes against drug use
Prevention Programs Should . . . .Prevention Programs Should . . . .
Include Interactive Skills-Based TrainingInclude Interactive Skills-Based Training
www.drugabuse.gov

10. Provide greater impact than parent-Provide greater impact than parent-
only or child-only programsonly or child-only programs
Include at each stage of developmentInclude at each stage of development
Involve effective parenting skillsInvolve effective parenting skills
Prevention Programs Should. . . .Prevention Programs Should. . . .
Be Family-FocusedBe Family-Focused
www.drugabuse.gov

11. Prevention Programs Should . . . .Prevention Programs Should . . . .
Involve Communities and SchoolsInvolve Communities and Schools
Incorporate media campaigns and Incorporate media campaigns and
policy changespolicy changes
Strengthen norms against drug useStrengthen norms against drug use
Address specific nature of local drug Address specific nature of local drug
problemproblem
www.drugabuse.gov

12. www.drugabuse.gov

13. Components of Comprehensive Drug Components of Comprehensive Drug
Addiction TreatmentAddiction Treatment
www.drugabuse.gov

14. Matching Patients to Matching Patients to
Individual NeedsIndividual Needs
No single treatment is appropriate for all No single treatment is appropriate for all
individualsindividuals
Effective treatment attends to multiple needs of Effective treatment attends to multiple needs of
the individual, not just his/her drug usethe individual, not just his/her drug use
Treatment must address medical, Treatment must address medical,
psychological, social, vocational, and legal psychological, social, vocational, and legal
problemsproblems
www.drugabuse.gov

15. Duration of TreatmentDuration of Treatment
Depends on patient problems/needsDepends on patient problems/needs
Less than 90 days is of limited/no effectiveness Less than 90 days is of limited/no effectiveness
for residential/outpatient settingfor residential/outpatient setting
A minimum of 12 months is required for A minimum of 12 months is required for
methadone maintenancemethadone maintenance
Longer treatment is often indicatedLonger treatment is often indicated
www.drugabuse.gov

16. Medical DetoxificationMedical Detoxification
Detoxification safely manages the physical Detoxification safely manages the physical
symptoms of withdrawalsymptoms of withdrawal
Only first stage of addiction treatmentOnly first stage of addiction treatment
Alone, does little to change long-term drug useAlone, does little to change long-term drug use
www.drugabuse.gov

17. Counseling and Other Behavioral TherapiesCounseling and Other Behavioral Therapies
Drug
Resistance
Skills
Replace
Drug Using
Activities
Motivation
Problem
Solving Skills
Interpersonal
Relationships
www.drugabuse.gov

18. Medications for Drug AddictionMedications for Drug Addiction
BuprenorphineBuprenorphine
MethadoneMethadone
LAAMLAAM
NaltrexoneNaltrexone
Nicotine ReplacementNicotine Replacement
patchespatches
gumgum
buproprionbuproprion
www.drugabuse.gov

19. Motivation to Enter/Motivation to Enter/
Sustain TreatmentSustain Treatment
Effective treatment need not be voluntaryEffective treatment need not be voluntary
Sanctions/enticements (family, employer, Sanctions/enticements (family, employer,
criminal justice system) can increase criminal justice system) can increase
treatment entry/retentiontreatment entry/retention
Treatment outcomes are similar for those Treatment outcomes are similar for those
who enter treatment under legal pressure vs who enter treatment under legal pressure vs
voluntaryvoluntary
www.drugabuse.gov

20. HIV/AIDS, Hepatitis and Other HIV/AIDS, Hepatitis and Other
Infectious DiseasesInfectious Diseases
Drug treatment is disease preventionDrug treatment is disease prevention
Drug treatment reduces likelihood of HIV Drug treatment reduces likelihood of HIV
infection by 6 fold in injecting drug usersinfection by 6 fold in injecting drug users
Drug treatment presents opportunities for Drug treatment presents opportunities for
screening, counseling, and referral screening, counseling, and referral
www.drugabuse.gov

21. Effectiveness of TreatmentEffectiveness of Treatment
Goal of treatment is to return to productive Goal of treatment is to return to productive
functioningfunctioning
Treatment reduced drug use by 40-60% Treatment reduced drug use by 40-60%
Treatment reduces crime by 40-60% Treatment reduces crime by 40-60%
Treatment increases employment prospects Treatment increases employment prospects
by 40% by 40%
Drug treatment is as successful as treatment Drug treatment is as successful as treatment
of diabetes, asthma, and hypertensionof diabetes, asthma, and hypertension
www.drugabuse.gov

22. Self-Help and DrugSelf-Help and Drug
Addiction TreatmentAddiction Treatment
Complements and extends treatment effortsComplements and extends treatment efforts
Most commonly used models include 12-Step Most commonly used models include 12-Step
(AA, NA) and Smart Recovery(AA, NA) and Smart Recovery
Most treatment programs encourage self-help Most treatment programs encourage self-help
participation during/after treatmentparticipation during/after treatment
www.drugabuse.gov

23. Cost-Effectiveness of Drug TreatmentCost-Effectiveness of Drug Treatment
Treatment is less expensive than not treating or Treatment is less expensive than not treating or
incarceration (1 yr methadone maintenance = incarceration (1 yr methadone maintenance =
$4,700 vs. $18,400 for imprisonment)$4,700 vs. $18,400 for imprisonment)
Every $1 invested in treatment yields up to $7 in Every $1 invested in treatment yields up to $7 in
reduced crime-related costsreduced crime-related costs
Savings can exceed costs by 12:1 when health care Savings can exceed costs by 12:1 when health care
costs are includedcosts are included
Reduced interpersonal conflictsReduced interpersonal conflicts
Improved workplace productivityImproved workplace productivity
Fewer drug-related accidentsFewer drug-related accidents
www.drugabuse.gov