Drug formulations and drug delivery systems.pptx

recent methods of drug delivery

1. Drug formulations and drug delivery systems Dr. Arbindra Chansoria Assistant Professor Dpt. Of Pharmacology

2. Learning objectives Difference between dosage form and formulation What is drug delivery and drug delivery systems Difference between existing and newer drug delivery systems Different drug delivery systems their advantages and disadvantages

3. Dosage form versus formulation Dosage form: is a product suited for administration to the patient by various routes for diagnosis and treatment. They provide accurate dosage of dosage of drugs for the treatment of disease. Examples given- tablet, capsule Dosage form=active pharmaceutical ingredient+excipients /additives. Formulations: consist of name of drug, strength and its dosage form. Examples given- ibuprofen 400mg as tablet Formulati on = dosage form+drug strength.

4. Drug delivery A method/process of administering or delivering a pharmaceutical compound in systemic circulation to achieve its therapeutic effect in humans or in animals. Drug delivery systems Engineered technologies for the targeted delivery and/or controlled release of therapeutic agents. They control the rate at which a drug is released as well as the location in the body where it is released

5. Drug delivery systems System comprises of- 1. Drug formulation 2. medical device or technology to carry the drug inside the body 3. mechanism for the drug release Types of drug delivery system Conventional/traditional drug delivery system Novel drug delivery system

6. Conventional / traditional drug delivery system Conventional DDS are the classical methods for drug delivery inside the body Used more often when the goal is quick drug absorption. Example given- simple oral, inhaled or injection methods.

7. Conventional/traditional drug delivery system and the various dosage forms administered

8. Characterstics of ideal drug delivery system Increase bioavailability of drugs Transport intact drug to the site of action while avoiding the non-diseased host tissue Should be stable and delivery should be maintained under various physiological variables. High degree of drug dispersion Same method should be applicable to various drugs. Should be easily administered. Safe and reliable Cost- effective

9. Novel drug delivery system Combination of advanced techniques and new dosage forms to introduce better drug potency, control drug release, provide greater safety and target a drug to a desired tissue Therapeutic benefits increased drug efficacy site specific delivery Decreased toxicity/side effects increased convenience Viable teratments for incurable diseases Potential for prophylactic applications Better patient compliance

10. Targeted drug delivery The ability to direct the drug-loaded system to the site of interest is known as drug targeting. Two mechanisms can be distinguished for addressing the desired drug release sites.

11. Types of drug delivery systems Carrier-based drug delivery system: Liposomes Nanoparticles Microspheres Monoclonal antibodies Niosomes Resealed erythrocytes as drug carriers Transdermal drug delivery system Sonophoresis- - mucoadhesive delivery systems - supramolecular delivery systems - variable release delivery systems 2. Osmotic pump 3. Microencapsulation

12. Drug delivery carriers Advantages Optimised drug loading and release Long-shelf life Low toxicity

13. Nanocarriers in controlled drug delivery

14. Liposomes- vesicles containing many, few or one phospholipid bilayers Nanoparticles- include nanospheres and nanocapsules of 10-200nm and are in solid state( may be amorphous or crystalline). They adsorb or encapsulate a drug, thus protect against chemical and enzymatic degradation Microspheres- free flowing powders consisting of proteins or synthetic polymers which are biodegradable and measures less than 200mcm Resealed erythrocytes as drug carriers-

15. Transdermal drug delivery system

16. Sonophoresis Sonophoresis is actually a combination of ultrasound therapy with topical drug therapy to achieve therapeutic drug concentrations at selected sites in the skin. It is widely used by physiotherapists. Generally, it is said that sonophoresis will result in greater depth of penetration than iontophoresis; ultrasound waves have been reported to penetrate up to 4 to 6 cm into the tissues. Sonophoresis is commonly used in the treatment of muscle soreness, tendonitis and bursitis.

17. Osmotically controlled drug delivery system These are fabricated by encapsulating an osmotic drug core containing an osmotically active drug within a semi-permeable membrane made from biocompatible polymer egcellulose acetate

18. Microencapsulation technology

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