Drug information services

Drug Information Services

1. DRUG INFORMATION
SERVICES
By:-Dr. Manish Pal Singh,
Associate Professor
1
AGRA PUBLIC PHARMACY COLLEGE,
ARTONI, AGRA, UP, INDIA

2. ❑Druginformationisafundamentalresponsibilityofallpharmacist
irrespectiveofthepracticesetting.
❑Druginformationmeansprovidingclinicallyrelevantinformationonany
aspectofdruguserelatingtoindividualpatients,orgeneralinformationon
howbesttousedrugsforpopulation.
❑Druginformationcanbechallengingbutalsoexciting.
❑WHOdevelopedDIC(DrugInformationCenter)topromoterationaluseof
drugs.
❑Theterm‘druginformationservice’canbeappliedtoanyactivitywhere
informationaboutdruguseistransferred,andincludespatient-related
aspectsofpharmaceuticalcare.
AGRA PUBLIC PHARMACY COLLEGE,
ARTONI, AGRA, UP, INDIA
2

3. Drug Information Center (DIC)
➢Providesin-depth,unbiasedsourceofcrucialdruginformationtomeet
needsofthepracticingphysicians,pharmacistsandotherhealthcare
professionals.
➢Or“ADICisanareawherepharmacists(otherhealthprofessionals)
specializeinprovidinginformationtohealthprofessionalsorthepublic.
➢Thefirstdruginformationcenterwasestablishedintheuniversityof
KentuckyinU.S.A.(1962).
AGRA PUBLIC PHARMACY COLLEGE,
ARTONI, AGRA, UP, INDIA
3
Source*-https%3A%2F%2Fwww.istockphoto.com
Note:-* Medicines Information-
Which are limited to problems relating
to drugs of abuse.

4. AGRA PUBLIC PHARMACY COLLEGE,
ARTONI, AGRA, UP, INDIA
4
INDIAN SCENARIO*
Haryana (Sirsa)
Chhattisgarh(Raipur)
Rajasthan
(Jaipur)
Assam
(Dibrugarh)
Goa(Panaji)
WHO-Indian
Country Office
(5-DIC)
* ChauhanN:Indian aspects of drug information resources & impact of DIC on community, J. Adv. Pharm. Tech. Res

5. AGRA PUBLIC PHARMACY COLLEGE,
ARTONI, AGRA, UP, INDIA
5
DIC
Poison
Information
Center*
Drug
Information
Services
Note*-Poison Information
Services-
▪PoisonInformationservices
canbeco-locatedwithdrug
informationservices,but
specifictrainingand
resourcesarerequiredto
providepoisoninformation
tohealthprofessional&the
public.

6. Drug Information Resources
➢Informationaboutdrugsisavailableinawiderangeofformats,mediatypes
andlevelsofquality.
AGRA PUBLIC PHARMACY COLLEGE,
ARTONI, AGRA, UP, INDIA
6
Primary
resources
•There are original reports
•Ex-Patents, Scientific Abstracts, Case reports, thesis, etc.
Secondary
resources
•In consist of reviews of primary resources
•Ex-Drugdex(Micromedex, USA), IPA, Indexing services etc.
Tertiary
Resources
•Are the summarization of primary & secondary published literature.
•Ex-Printed Textbooks

7. AGRA PUBLIC PHARMACY COLLEGE,
ARTONI, AGRA, UP, INDIA
7
Primary resources
Secondary resources
Tertiary resources
https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.in%2FGoodman-Gilmans-Pharmacological-Basis-Therapeutics

8. AGRA PUBLIC PHARMACY COLLEGE,
ARTONI, AGRA, UP, INDIA
8
Resources for a basic drug information service
Martindale: The complete Drug Reference (Pharmaceutical Press. UK)
Goodman & Gilman’s (McGraw-Hill, USA)
Drugs in Pregnancy & Lactation (Lippincott, USA)
Source*-
▪https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.com%2FMartindale-Complete-
Reference-Extra-Pharmacopoeia
▪https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amaz
on.com%2FDrugs-Pregnancy-Lactation-PDA-
Reference%2Fdp%2F078175674X&psig=AOvVaw2mredofyST55_riBOYq
bxS&ust=1602309370204000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=2ahUKEwir
5fXX6absAhXz6HMBHcjODlQQr4kDegQIARBa

9. AGRA PUBLIC PHARMACY COLLEGE,
ARTONI, AGRA, UP, INDIA
9
Searching Strategies Computerized Databases
Step-1 (Using Specific
Keywords)
Step-2 (Search For Group
related terms)-Tree-
Branches-Explosion
Step-3 (Determine &
Categorized the actual
question)
Step-4 (Develop the
search strategy conduct
the research )
Step-5 (Perform
Evaluation , Analysis &
Synthesis)
Step-6 (Formulate &
provide a response)

10. AGRA PUBLIC PHARMACY COLLEGE,
ARTONI, AGRA, UP, INDIA
10
Information
about drugs
Patient
education
service
Assistance on
drug usage in
patients
Drug related
information to
hospital staff
Reporting and
investigating
ADR
DIC-offered following services:-

11. Poison Information Center (PIC)
➢Awidevarietyofchemicalsaredesignedfordiverseusesindaytodaylife.
➢Acutepoisoningisoneofthecommonestemergenciesthroughouttheworld.
➢Toensurechemicalsafety,aframeworkforpreventionandmanagementof
eventualitiesifany,isprovidedbythePoisonsControlProgrammeofwhich
PoisonsInformationCentreisanintegralpart.
➢PoisonInformation(PI)-“isaspecialiasedareaofdruginformationwhich
includesinformationaboutthetoxiceffectsofchemicalsandpesticides,
householdproducts,therapeuticmedicines,plants,animaltoxins,snacksbites
&othervenomouscreatures”.
AGRA PUBLIC PHARMACY COLLEGE,
ARTONI, AGRA, UP, INDIA
11

12. ➢Apoisoninformationservicesdealswiththeriskassessment,diagnosis,
management&preventionofexposuretoanypoisoninpatientofanytype
(intentionally&accidental)&routeofexposure.
➢In1930’s–LouisGdalmanestablishedtheframeworkforthefirstpoison
controlcenteratRuspresbyterian-St.Luke’shospital.
AGRA PUBLIC PHARMACY COLLEGE,
ARTONI, AGRA, UP, INDIA
12
American Association
of Poison Control
Centers
The National
Poison Prevention
Week Council
NPIC-AIIMS
(New Delhi)
Source*-https://rushinperson.rush.edu/2018/08/13/life-saving-
poison-control-centers-have-origins-at-rush/

13. AGRA PUBLIC PHARMACY COLLEGE,
ARTONI, AGRA, UP, INDIA
13
To provide comprehensive,
accurate and timely
information to their clients
To enhance the
medical care of
patients
PIC
GOALS
To provide rapid access
to information valuable
in assessing
and treating poisonings
To assist with poison
prevention.
Reasons for
PIC
Establishment

14. Comparison Between DIC & PIC
DIC
✓9-10%callsareplacedby
public,butmostlybyhealth
careprofessionals.
✓Fewerthan7callsperday
✓Operates9AM-5PM
✓Theyrelyonpharmacists
✓Sponsoredbyhospitalsor
medicalcenters
PIC
✓88%poisoncentercallsareplacedby
public.
✓103callsperday,itrangesfrom33to
213callsperday.Dependingupon
servicepopulationsize,poisoncenter
awarenessinthatarea,poisoningrates.
✓Operates24hrsadayyearround.
✓Theyuseawidervarietyofhealthcare
professionals
✓Publicfunding
AGRA PUBLIC PHARMACY COLLEGE,
ARTONI, AGRA, UP, INDIA
14

15. Indian Scenario Regarding PIC:
➢Thefirst‘NationalPoisonInformationCenter(NPIC)’-wasestablishedin
December-1994attheAIIMS,NewDelhi.
➢Theothercentersweresubsequentlyestablishedatthe–
➢NationalInstituteofOccupationalHealth,Ahmadabad
➢GovernmentGeneralHospital,Chennai
➢AmritaInstituteofMedicalSciencesandResearch,Cochin
➢InIndia,managementofacutepoisoningcasesisdifficultforphysician
workinginemergencydepartmentsbecausetypicallyverylittleinformationis
availableregardingthenature&amountofthesubstanceingestedatthetimeof
presentation.
AGRA PUBLIC PHARMACY COLLEGE,
ARTONI, AGRA, UP, INDIA
15

16. AGRA PUBLIC PHARMACY COLLEGE,
ARTONI, AGRA, UP, INDIA
16
▪PoisonInformationcenterscan
playavitalroleintheprevention&
managementofpoisoningcases
throughtheprovisiontohealthcare
professional.
▪As2010,therewereonly4-
WHO-recognizedcentersin
India.
▪Consideringtheincidencerateof
poisoningcasesinIndia,these
centersmaynotneabletomeetthe
demandforpoisoninformation.
▪India,theneedforestablishing
severalsuchcenterswithwell-
equipped&welltrainedpersonnel
isgreater.
Source*-
https%3A%2F%2Fsagarmediainc.com;
https%3A%2F%2Fwww.getmyuni.com;
https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mouthshut.com

17. PIC-Organization:
❖PICcanoperateeffectivelywithvarioustypesoforganizationalstructures.
❖PICshouldbebasedontheanticipated‘idealhumanexposurecallvolume’.
❖Poisoncenterexpensesandpotentialrevenuesaredirectlytiedtocallvolume.
AGRA PUBLIC PHARMACY COLLEGE,
ARTONI, AGRA, UP, INDIA
17
Organisation Setup of-PIC
CHIEF-Medical Director
Poison
information
specialists
Manager or
Supervisor
FACULTY INCHARGE
1.---ROSTER DUTY
2.----OBSERVERS

18. AGRA PUBLIC PHARMACY COLLEGE,
ARTONI, AGRA, UP, INDIA
18
Source*-https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mdpi.com

19. AGRA PUBLIC PHARMACY COLLEGE,
ARTONI, AGRA, UP, INDIA
19
FUNCTIONING OF PIC
When a telephonic call
is received at PIC
The caller has
to provide
the following
information
THE FOLLOWING INFORMATIONIS PROVIDED
➢The diagnosis
➢How to proceed for emergency management
➢The possible antidote

20. AGRA PUBLIC PHARMACY COLLEGE,
ARTONI, AGRA, UP, INDIA
20
PIC-Information Resources:
Primary
Resources
•Include Journals of Medicine & toxicology
•Ex-“Toxicology”{Published by Elsevier}
Secondary
Resources
•Like-“POISINDEX; TOXINZ; HyperTox” for update
information
•“MEDLINE; Index medicus”
Tertiary
Resources
•The standard textbooks of toxicology& medical
dictionaries are essential.
•Ex-Formulary manuals:-“Indian Pharmacopeia”

21. AGRA PUBLIC PHARMACY COLLEGE,
ARTONI, AGRA, UP, INDIA
21
Ideal Location for PIC
PIC
Emergency
department
Next to a large
medical library
Hospital pharmacies
DIC

22. Future Trends of PIC
➢Thepoisoninformationsystemisrapidlychanging.Sinceitsinception40yrs
ago,pharmacyhasprovideduniqueleadershipandexpertise.
➢Aslongasmedicationstopthelistofsubstancesresponsibleforpoisoning,
pharmacywillalwaysbeanintegralpartofthepoisoninformationsystem.
➢Skilledpharmacistscanplayanimportantroleaspoisoninformationspecialists.
➢Experiencedpharmacistmayalsoserveasadvisorstoanalyticaltoxicology
laboratories,asexpertwitnessinlegalproceedings.
AGRA PUBLIC PHARMACY COLLEGE,
ARTONI, AGRA, UP, INDIA
22
Source*-https%3A%2F%2Fpoisoncontrol.utah.edu

23. Storage and Retrieval Information
✓Thestorage,retrieval,anddisseminationofinformationconstitutesamajor
functionofanydruginformationservice.
✓Inthepast,DIRformswhichcontaintherequests,answers,references,and
demographicinformationhadbeenstoredinlooseleafbindersandfiled
chronologically.
✓DIRsthatarereceivedandrespondedtoatthepresentarebeingaddedtothe
computerfile.
✓ThisindexingsystemwasdevelopedbyadaptinganexistingDSM-
I1{DiagnosticandStatisticalManual}Version2@MUMPS{Massachusetts
GeneralHospitalUtilityMulti-ProgrammingSystem}-basedsystem,originally
partofthepathologydepartment’sclinicallaboratoryinformationsystem.
AGRA PUBLIC PHARMACY COLLEGE,
ARTONI, AGRA, UP, INDIA
23

24. ✓InformationRetrieval(IR)-“isabranchofcomputersciencethatis
concernedwiththeprocessingofcollectionsofdocumentscontaining“free
text.”Examplesofsuchcollectionsareasetofhospitaldischargesummaries,
radiologyreports,orsurgerynotes,or(inanon-medicalcontext)thefulltext
ofthecompleteworksofShakespeareortheBible”.
✓Searchenginesrelyonpre-processingadocumentcollectionforsubsequent
fastretrievalbasedonkeywords.Thispre-processingstepistermedindexing.
✓Informationretrievaltechnologyisthehiddenworkhorsethatunderliesthe
powerfulWeb-searchingfacilitiesthatallofustakeforgrantedtoday.Justas
relationaldatabasepackageshavebecomeprogressivelyeasiertouseand
administer,itispossiblethatfutureversionsofmicrocomputerdatabase
packageswillincludeIRcomponents.
AGRA PUBLIC PHARMACY COLLEGE,
ARTONI, AGRA, UP, INDIA
24

25. AGRA PUBLIC PHARMACY COLLEGE,
ARTONI, AGRA, UP, INDIA
25
General features in Big Data Management in Health Care
Source*
-
https%3A%2F%2Fjournalofbigdata.springeropen.comI